Editing Plagiocephaly (section)

==Causes==
Slight plagiocephaly is routinely diagnosed at birth and may be the result of a restrictive [[uterus|intrauterine]] environment giving a "diamond" shaped head when seen from above. If there is premature union of skull bones, this is more properly called [[craniosynostosis]].<ref name=pmid22920774>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.10.002 |pmid=22920774 |title=Evidence-Based Care of the Child with Deformational Plagiocephaly, Part II: Management |journal=Journal of Pediatric Health Care |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=320–331 |year=2012 |last1=Flannery |first1=Amanda B. Kack |last2=Looman |first2=Wendy S |last3=Kemper |first3=Kristin |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased dramatically since the advent of anti-[[sudden infant death syndrome]] recommendations for parents to keep their babies on their backs.<ref name="PedView">{{cite web |title=Plagiocephaly and related cranial deformities |website= childrenshospital.org |date=April 2010 |url= http://www.childrenshospital.org/views/april10/plagiocephaly_and_related_cranial_deformities.html |publisher=Pediatric Views, Children's Hospital Boston |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110622104213/http://www.childrenshospital.org/views/april10/plagiocephaly_and_related_cranial_deformities.html |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |access-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref>

Data also suggest that the rates of plagiocephaly are higher for twins and multiple births, premature babies, babies who were positioned in the breech position or back-to-back, as well as for babies born after a prolonged labour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plagiocephaly/Pages/Introduction.aspx|title=Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome) |work= NHS Choices|last= |first= |via= nhs.uk| publisher= National Health Service |access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref>
=== Conditions and syndromes ===
Plagiocephaly is seen in multiple conditions:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plagiocephaly[Clinical Features] - MedGen - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?term=Plagiocephaly%5BClinical+Features%5D&cmd=DetailsSearch |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
* [[Arthrogryposis]], [[Cleft lip and cleft palate|cleft palate]], craniosynostosis, and impaired [[Cognitive development|intellectual development]]
* [[Autism spectrum disorder]], susceptibility to, X-linked 2
* [[Blepharophimosis intellectual disability syndromes|Blepharophimosis-impaired intellectual development syndrome]]
* Cardiac anomalies - [[Global developmental delay|developmental delay]] - [[Dysmorphic feature|facial dysmorphism]] syndrome
* [[CHIME syndrome]]
* [[Coffin–Siris syndrome|Coffin-Siris syndrome]] 1 and 6
* [[Congenital myopathy|Congenital nonprogressive myopathy]] with [[Moebius syndrome|Moebius]] and [[Pierre Robin sequence|Robin sequences]]
* [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome]] 3
* [[Sensenbrenner syndrome|Cranioectodermal dysplasia]] 2
* Craniosynostosis (nonsyndromic) 6
* Developmental and epileptic [[encephalopathy]], 1, 65, 77, and 84
* Developmental delay with variable [[Developmental disability|intellectual impairment]] and [[Abnormality (behavior)|behavioral abnormalities]]
* [[Dihydropyrimidinase]] deficiency
* Early-onset progressive diffuse [[Cerebral atrophy|brain atrophy]]-[[microcephaly]]-[[muscle weakness]]-[[Optic neuropathy|optic atrophy]] syndrome
* [[Faciocardiorenal syndrome]]
* [[FG syndrome]]
* [[Galloway Mowat syndrome|Galloway-Mowat syndrome]] 4
* [[Conjugate gaze palsy|Gaze palsy]], familial horizontal, with progressive [[scoliosis]] 1
* [[Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome|Hyperphosphatasia with intellectual disability syndrome]] 1 and 2
* [[Hypotonia]], infantile, with [[psychomotor retardation]] and [[Facies (medical)|characteristic facies]] 2
* Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 64 and 66
* Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 13, 40, 48, and 58
* [[Joubert syndrome]] 1
* [[9q34.3 deletion syndrome|Kleefstra syndrome]] 2
* [[Langer–Giedion syndrome|Langer-Giedion syndrome]]
* [[Microphthalmia]] with brain and digit anomalies
* [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome]] 13
* [[Muenke syndrome]]
* [[Noonan syndrome]] 13
* [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]], type 20
* [[3C syndrome|Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome]] 4
[[File:Shuttleworth Potts Plate X (1).jpg|thumb|Plagiocephaly with [[oxycephaly]] in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome]]
* [[Saethre–Chotzen syndrome|Saethre-Chotzen syndrome]]
* [[Hereditary spastic paraplegia|Spastic paraplegia]], intellectual disability, [[nystagmus]], and [[obesity]]
* Syndromic [[X-linked intellectual disability]] Najm type