Editing Plant-based diet (section)

==Terminology==
Origin of the term "plant-based diet" is attributed to [[Cornell University]] nutritional [[biochemistry|biochemist]] [[T. Colin Campbell]] who presented his diet research at the [[National Institutes of Health|US National Institutes of Health]] in 1980.<ref name="varian">{{cite web|title= It’s Called ‘Plant-Based,’ Look It Up |first= Ethan |last= Varian |date= December 28, 2019 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |issn= 1553-8095 |language= en |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/28/style/plant-based-diet.html |url-access= subscription |access-date= January 26, 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250126184720/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/28/style/plant-based-diet.html |archive-date= January 26, 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= How ‘plant-based’ rebranded vegan eating for the mainstream |first= Lavanya |last= Ramanathan |date= February 15, 2019 |work= [[The Washington Post]] |issn=0190-8286 |language= en |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/voraciously/wp/2019/02/15/how-plant-based-rebranded-vegan-eating-for-the-mainstream/ |access-date= January 26, 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240421133557/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/voraciously/wp/2019/02/15/how-plant-based-rebranded-vegan-eating-for-the-mainstream/ |archive-date= April 21, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Campbell's research about a plant-based diet extended from ''[[The China Project]]'', a decade-long study of dietary practices in rural China, giving evidence that a diet low in animal protein and fat, and high in plant foods, could reduce the incidence of several diseases.<ref name="brody">{{cite news |author=Jane E. Brody |title=Huge Study Of Diet Indicts Fat And Meat |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/08/science/huge-study-of-diet-indicts-fat-and-meat.html |access-date=3 July 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=8 May 1990}}</ref> In 2005, Campbell and his son published ''[[The China Study]]'', a [[Bestseller|best-selling book]] emphasizing the potential health benefits of a plant-based diet.<ref name=varian/><ref name="pope">{{cite news |author=Tara Parker-Pope |title=Nutrition Advice from The China Study |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/07/nutrition-advice-from-the-china-study/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=7 January 2011}}</ref> Campbell also used the plant-based concept to educate consumers about how eating meat had significant environmental consequences.<ref name=varian/>

Some authors draw a distinction between diets that are "plant-based" or "plant-only".<ref name="Dwyer">{{cite book| vauthors = Dwyer J | veditors = Caballero B, Trugo LC, Finglas PM |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffo0000unse_c0f1/mode/2up |title=Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition|date=2003|publisher=Academic Press/Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-227055-0|pages=5974–5979|chapter=Vegetarian Diets|edition=Second}}</ref> A plant-based diet may be defined as consuming plant-sourced foods that are minimally processed.<ref name=varian/><ref name=pope/>

A review analyzing the use of the term ''plant-based diet'' in medical literature found that 50% of clinical trials use the term interchangeably with vegan, meaning that the interventional diet did not include foods of animal origin. 30% of studies included dairy products and 20% meat.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Storz |first=Maximilian Andreas |date=June 2022 |title=What makes a plant-based diet? a review of current concepts and proposal for a standardized plant-based dietary intervention checklist |journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=789–800 |doi=10.1038/s41430-021-01023-z |issn=1476-5640 |pmc=9187516 |pmid=34675405}}</ref>

In 2021, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) stated that "plant-based diets constitute a diverse range of dietary patterns that emphasize foods derived from plant sources coupled with lower consumption or exclusion of animal products. Vegetarian diets form a subset of plant-based diets, which may exclude the consumption of some or all forms of animal foods."<ref name="Review">[https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/349086/WHO-EURO-2021-4007-43766-61591-eng.pdf "Plant-based diets and their impact on health, sustainability and the environment: A review of the evidence"]. WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</ref> The WHO lists [[flexitarian]], [[lacto-vegetarian]], [[lacto-ovo vegetarian]], [[ovo-vegetarian]], [[pescatarian]] and vegan diets as plant-based.<ref name="Review"/>

A 2023 review paper defined plant-based as "a dietary pattern in which foods of animal origin are totally or mostly excluded".<ref name="Hargreaves 2023"/>

In 2024, the [[International Organization for Standardization]] drafted ISO 8700 on "Plant-based foods and food ingredients - Definitions and technical criteria for labelling and claims".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/83290.html |title=ISO/DIS 8700 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024-05-30 |publisher=ISO |access-date=2024-06-05}}</ref>