Editing Planxty (section)

==History==

===Formation and first run (1972–1975)===

[[Christy Moore]] and [[Dónal Lunny]] had been friends since school days in [[Newbridge, County Kildare|Newbridge]], [[County Kildare]], Lunny having taught Moore how to play both guitar and [[bodhrán]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|3–17}} Before the formation of Planxty, Lunny had been playing in a duet with [[Andy Irvine (musician)|Andy Irvine]] after the latter's return from [[Eastern Europe]]<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|83–84}} and they had also launched their own folk club, downstairs at Slattery's, called The Mugs Gig.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|95}} [[Liam O'Flynn]] was playing in public and on the radio, and was well respected in traditional folk circles.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|93–94}} All members were familiar with one another's work to varying degrees but were first brought together during the summer of 1971 to record Moore's second solo album, ''[[Prosperous (album)|Prosperous]],'' at his sister's house, in the [[Prosperous, County Kildare|village of the same name]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|79–91}}

In January 1972, the four joined forces to form Planxty,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|97–100}} recording their first single, "Three Drunken Maidens"/"Sí-Bheag, Sí-Mhór", in Trend Studios on 18 January 1972.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|101}} The band performed on [[RTÉ]]'s ''[[The Late Late Show (Irish talk show)|The Late, Late Show]]'' the following Saturday, 22 January 1972,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|102}} and played their first show on 6 March 1972, a 30-minute set at The Mugs Gig on a bill that included balladeer [[Paddy Reilly]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|103}} They then assumed a weekly [[Artist-in-residence|residency]] at The Mugs Gig, began rehearsing, and started playing live around [[Ireland]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|104}}

The group's first major performance–opening for [[Donovan]] at the Hangar in [[Galway]], at Easter 1972–was a huge success.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|112–116}} Neither the audience nor the band knew what to expect, and both were pleasantly surprised. Irvine, unable to see the audience through the glare of the stage lights, was worried that the crowd might be on the verge of rioting. It took him several minutes to realize that what he was hearing was the expression of their enthusiasm.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|112}} A rough quality recording of the song "[[The Gypsy Laddie|Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]" from this concert was included on the 2004 retrospective, ''Christy Moore – The Box Set: 1964–2004'', complete with the audience's reaction.

Planxty's first single, "Three Drunken Maidens", was released by their manager Des Kelly's label, Ruby Records, reaching no. 7 in the Irish charts. The next single, a re-recording of "[[The Cliffs of Dooneen]]", previously recorded for the ''Prosperous'' album, made it to no. 3.  Two full albums followed: ''[[Planxty (album)|Planxty]]'',<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|129–145}} recorded at Command Studios in [[London]]<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|144}} during September 1972,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|132}} and ''[[The Well Below the Valley (album)|The Well Below the Valley]]'',<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|169–186}} recorded at the Escape Studios in [[Kent]], from 18 June 1973.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|170}}

The group's increasing popularity led to heavy touring throughout Ireland, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and northern Europe.

Tired of constant touring and wishing to explore other musical avenues, Lunny left Planxty at the start of September 1973, playing his last gig with the band at the [[Edinburgh Festival]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|184–185}} He would eventually end up a member of [[The Bothy Band]]. [[Johnny Moynihan]], who had played with Irvine in [[Sweeney's Men]], joined at this point, playing mandolin, bouzouki, fiddle, tin whistle and singing.  This line-up, with contributions from Lunny, would record Planxty's third album, ''[[Cold Blow and the Rainy Night]]''<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|189–202}} in [[Sarm East Studios|Sarm Studios]], [[Whitechapel]] in London during August 1974.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|192–193}}

Next to leave, shortly after the making of this album, was Moore, who had a desire to return to his solo career and perform from a larger repertoire of songs.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|207}} The split was amicable, and while [[Paul Brady]] was recruited to fill the gap in September 1974,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|209}} Moore stayed on with him in the band until October.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|214}} After his departure, the Irvine/Moynihan/Brady/O’Flynn line-up toured extensively but released no recordings before playing their final show in [[Brussels]] on 5 December 1975.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|220}}<ref name="MiriamMeetsAIPB">
{{cite AV media
 | people = Andy Irvine and Paul Brady (Interview)
 | title = Miriam O'Callaghan meets... Paul Brady and Andy Irvine.
 | url = http://www.rte.ie/radio1/miriam-meets/programmes/2012/0422/350853-220412/
 | medium = Podcast
 | publisher = RTÉ Radio 1
 | location = Dublin
 | date = 20 April 2012}}
 Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref>

===Reunion and second run (1978–1983)===

After the break-up, Moynihan retreated into obscurity, continuing to perform occasionally, but rarely recorded.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|254}} Irvine and Brady toured together as a duo and, in August 1976 recorded an album at the [[Rockfield Studios]], ''[[Andy Irvine/Paul Brady (album)|Andy Irvine/Paul Brady]]'',<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|243–247}} produced by Lunny who also plays on most tracks, and with [[Kevin Burke (musician)|Kevin Burke]] on fiddle. For a while, Irvine continued to tour with Brady in Ireland and in the UK, and also with Mick Hanly, predominantly in Europe. In 1978, Brady released a solo album (''[[Welcome Here Kind Stranger]]'') including Irvine, [[Tommy Peoples]] and Lunny who also produced it.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|247}}

The original four members of Planxty, however, continued to encounter each other socially, on the stage, and in the studio.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|253}} It eventually led to a reunion encouraged by music promoter Kevin Flynn,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|254–256}} who would become their manager. They were joined this time by [[Matt Molloy]], who had been a member of [[The Bothy Band]] with Lunny and was also a close friend of O'Flynn's.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|256–257}} Beginning rehearsals at Molloy's home on Tuesday, 19 September 1978,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|259}} the line-up went on a mammoth European tour the following year, from 15 April to 11 June 1979, during which the band played forty-seven concerts in fifty-eight days, in the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, France and Ireland.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|259–262}}

From 18 to 30 June 1979, Planxty recorded their fourth album, ''[[After the Break]]'', at the [[Windmill Lane Studios]] in Dublin; it was produced by Lunny and released on the [[Tara Music|Tara Records]] label.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|262–267}} Molloy left the group to join [[The Chieftains]] shortly after the album was recorded;<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|268}} he remains with them to this day.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thechieftains.com/main/ | work= The Chieftains| title= USA &mdash; 2015 | date= 8 October 2014 | access-date= 31 October 2015}}</ref> In between the Planxty activity, Irvine squeezed in tours in Europe with Lunny, Mick Hanly and Gerry O'Beirne. He also recorded his first solo album, ''[[Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams (album)|Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams]]'', at Windmill Lane Studios in late 1979, produced by Lunny and released on [[Tara Music|Tara Records]] in 1980.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|273–274}}

On 28 February 1980, Planxty headlined the Sense of Ireland concert at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London. When they returned to Ireland, they recorded two programmes for RTÉ at the [[Pavilion Theatre (Dún Laoghaire)|Pavilion Theatre]] in [[Dún Laoghaire]], then started rehearsals at [[Kilkea Castle]] in [[Castledermot]], [[County Kildare]] with two musicians from [[County Clare]]: [[concertina]] player [[Noel Hill (musician)|Noel Hill]] and fiddler Tony Linnane. The six-member lineup of  Moore, Irvine, Lunny, O’Flynn, Hill, and Linnane were joined by Molloy and keyboardist [[Bill Whelan]], to record the band's fifth album, ''[[The Woman I Loved So Well]]'', at Windmill Lane Studios for two sessions: 23–29 April and 16–19 May.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|275–281}} The album was wrapped up with a reception at Windmill Lane Studios on 9 June 1980.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|280}}

The band began touring as a four-piece during the summer of 1980, playing a tour of Italian castles in July and returning to The Boys of Ballisodare Festival on 9 August, joined by Whelan and a young [[Cork (city)|Cork]] fiddler, [[Nollaig Casey]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|281–282}} Shows around this time would feature the four-piece band for the first set, with Whelan and Casey joining in for the second set. This line-up played a week of shows at the [[Olympia Theatre, Dublin|Olympia Theatre]] in Dublin on 18–23 August 1980,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|283}} taped for a potential live album, which eventually emerged in 1987 as the unlicensed release ''The Best of Planxty Live''.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|283–285}} The line-up, augmented by a full orchestra and rhythm section, also recorded "Timedance" in 1981 as part of the [[Eurovision Song Contest]]; "Timedance" was the genesis for what Whelan later developed into ''[[Riverdance]]''.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|296–299}}

The six-piece Planxty continued to tour but began to drift apart. O’Flynn took on a project with [[Shaun Davey]], ''[[The Brendan Voyage]]''.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|287}} Moore & Lunny, eager to experiment with a rhythm section and a different, more political, song set, formed [[Moving Hearts]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|290}} Lunny also kept busy producing albums by other artists. The original four-piece line-up played their last show together on 24 August 1982, at the [[National Stadium (Ireland)|National Stadium]] in Dublin.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|301}} Nevertheless, the band (with Whelan and Casey still on board) recorded one final album at Windmill Lane Studios for the WEA label in late October and early November 1982, ''[[Words & Music (Planxty album)|Words & Music]]'',<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|301–304}} which also featured contributions from fiddler James Kelly and Moving Hearts bass guitarist Eoghan O’Neill.

The divided attention of two bands proved too much and in early 1983, Lunny and Moore left to concentrate on Moving Hearts.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|304}} Irvine, O’Flynn, and Whelan decided to continue as Planxty, retaining fiddler James Kelly and recruiting [[Arty McGlynn]] of [[County Tyrone]] on guitar, plus [[Galway]]’s [[Dolores Keane]] on vocals and a plethora of traditional instruments.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|304}} Irvine would later dub this line-up "Planxty-Too-Far", as the personnel and musical focus, now more dominated by Whelan, was far removed from the original Planxty.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|304}}

A tour of [[Ireland]] in the spring of 1983, including the [[National Stadium (Ireland)|National Stadium]] in [[Dublin]] on 27 April, was the end of the group.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|306}} In the words of Andy Irvine:

{{quote box|border=none|fontsize=90%|quote=
I left on a long tour and travelled to the Balkans two days later and was in contact with Bill by phone once or twice. We had agreed to do more gigs in the autumn. I didn't get back till the middle of June and I found, to my surprise, that the band hadn't exactly split up, it had just fallen asunder. An unfortunate ending to the second coming...
|salign=right|source=—Leagues O'Toole, ''The Humours of Planxty''.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|306}}}}

Although Moore, Irvine, Lunny, and O'Flynn continued to meet from time to time and perform occasionally in various combinations during professional engagements&mdash;and even play together as a foursome in the privacy of Moore's house at least once&mdash;rumours of putative reunions circulated for over two decades.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|314–315}}

===''No Disco'' Documentary (2002–2003)===

In late 2002, broadcaster and journalist Leagues O'Toole was working as presenter and researcher for the [[RTÉ]] television show ''[[No Disco]]'' and persuaded the programme editor, Rory Cobbe, to develop a one-off documentary about Planxty.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|309}}

O'Toole interviewed Moore, Irvine, and O'Flynn but Lunny, who was living in Japan was unavailable. After also shooting links at key landmarks from the Planxty history,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|310–314}} the programme aired on 3 March 2003, receiving a phenomenal response from the public and very positive feedback from the Planxty members themselves. In a final comment about the constant speculation of the original line-up regrouping, Moore had said on camera: "There's nobody longs for it more than myself and the other three guys. Definitely the time is right. Let's go for it".<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|314}}

==="The Third Coming" (2003–2005)===

On Tuesday, 7 October 2003, O'Toole received a postcard from Moore reading: "There might be something of interest happening on Saturday. I'll be in touch".<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|316}} It turned out that Paddy Doherty, owner of the Royal Spa Hotel in [[Lisdoonvarna]] (and co-founder of the [[Lisdoonvarna Music Festival]]), had arranged for the band's use of the hotel's old dining room for rehearsals, which led to a one-off concert there in front of 200 people on 11 October 2003.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|316}} Moore, on stage, credited the ''No Disco'' documentary with inspiring the reunion.<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|316}}

Pleased with the results and the experience of playing together again, the original Planxty quartet agreed to the longed-for reunion (dubbed "The Third Coming"<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|xii}}) and performed together again, on and off, for a period of just over a year.

First, they played a series of concerts at the [[Glór Theatre]] in [[Ennis]], [[County Clare]] (on 23 & 24 January 2004) and at [[Vicar Street]] in Dublin (on 30 & 31 January and on 4 & 5, 11 & 12 February 2004),<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|317}} which were recorded and from which selected material was released on the CD ''[[Live 2004 (Planxty album)|Live 2004]]'' and its associated DVD.

In late 2004 and early 2005,<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|322–326}} another round of concerts took place at the following venues:
  
* Radisson SAS Hotel in [[Galway]] (6, 7 and 8 October 2004); 
* [[Point Theatre]] in [[Dublin]] (28, 29 and 30 December 2004, plus extra dates on 3, 4 and 5 January 2005);
* [[Waterfront Hall]] in [[Belfast]] (19, 20 and 21 January 2005);  
* [[Barbican Centre]] in [[London]] (29, 30 and 31 January 2005).<ref name="O'Toole"/>{{rp|322–326}}

Planxty remained a four-piece throughout this period, with Moore occasionally playing keyboards. Since then there has been no further activity; Moore has said he would not participate in another reunion but gave his blessing to the others for the future use of the Planxty name.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

===''The Humours of Planxty'' (2006)===

Leagues O'Toole documented the history and development of the group in the biography ''The Humours of Planxty'', which was published by [[Hodder Headline]] in 2006.<ref name="O'Toole"/>

===LAPD (2012–2013)===
Friday, 20 January 2012<ref name="VicarStJan2012">[http://reviews.ticketmaster.ie/7171-en_ie/1492530/andy-irvine-reviews/reviews.htm?page=2 Reviews from 'ticketmaster' website.] Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref> ushered in the inaugural gig at Dublin's [[Vicar Street]], of a quartet including three members of the original Planxty. They called themselves 'LAPD',<ref name="LAPDInfo">[http://www.lapd.ie/about.html Information sheet for ''LAPD''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020191143/http://www.lapd.ie/about.html |date=20 October 2013 }} Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref> after the initials of their first names: Liam O'Flynn, Andy Irvine, [[Paddy Glackin]], and Dónal Lunny.<ref name="MiriamMeetsLAPD">
{{cite AV media
 | people = L. O'Flynn, A. Irvine, P. Glackin, D. Lunny (Interview)
 | title = Miriam O'Callaghan meets... LAPD Liam O'Flynn, Andy Irvine, Paddy Glackin, Dónal Lunny.
 | url = http://www.rte.ie/radio/utils/radioplayer/rteradioweb.html#!rii=9%3A20124362%3A0%3A%3A
 | medium = Podcast
 | publisher = RTÉ Radio 1
 | location = Dublin
 | date = 9 December 2012}}
 Retrieved on 2 January 2014.</ref>

[[File:Lunny irvine o flynn glackin.jpg|alt=|thumb|370px|Dónal Lunny, Andy Irvine, Liam O'Flynn and Paddy Glackin as 'LAPD', March 2012]]

They played a set combining tunes and songs from the repertoires of:

* Planxty: "Jenny's Wedding/The Virginia/Garrett Barry's", "Paddy Canny's" ("The Starting Gate"), "The Jolly Beggar/The Wise Maid", "Arthur MacBride", "As I Roved Out (Andy)", "The Blacksmith/Blacksmithereens" and "West Coast of Clare"   
* Irvine & Lunny: "My Heart's tonight in Ireland/West Clare Reel", "Braes of Moneymore", "Suleiman's Kopanitsa", "The Dream/Indiana", "O'Donoghue's" and "Siún Ni Dhuibhir"
* O'Flynn & Glackin: "Kitty's Rambles/Humours of Ennistymon", "The Green Island/Bantry Hornpipe", "Young Tom Ennis/Nora Crean", "A Rainy Day/The Shaskeen", "Two Flings", "Speed the Plough/Colonel Fraser" and "The Gold Ring".

In June of 2012, at a pair of concerts to mark [[Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012|Andy Irvine's 70th birthday]], LAPD performed two songs that had been Planxty standards, "The West Coast of Clare" and "The Blacksmith", which were included on a subsequent live album. Paul Brady performed on the latter, making it a Planxty reunion of sorts.

LAPD performed only occasionally,<ref name="VicarStDec2012">[http://www.vicarstreet.ie/component/eventlist/details/9511-liam-oflynn-andy-irvine-paddy-glackin-a-donal-lunny.html Schedule from Vicar Street website.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200507/http://www.vicarstreet.ie/component/eventlist/details/9511-liam-oflynn-andy-irvine-paddy-glackin-a-donal-lunny.html |date=2 January 2014 }} Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref><ref name="LAPDSchedule">[http://www.lapd.ie/schedule.html Schedule page from ''LAPD'' website.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020190741/http://www.lapd.ie/schedule.html |date=20 October 2013 }} Retrieved on 2 January 2014</ref> to rave reviews,<ref name="culture2012">[http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/4941/music-review-andy-irvine-and-friends Review: ''Andy Irvine and Friends'' &#91;A performance by LAPD&#93;.] Retrieved on 24 July 2013</ref><ref name="ITLAPD">[http://www.lapd.ie/reviews.html Review of ''LAPD'' in ''Irish Times'', March 2013.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724044946/http://www.lapd.ie/reviews.html |date=24 July 2013 }} Retrieved on 27 September 2013.</ref> but never recorded before their final performance, which took place at Sligo Live, on Saturday 26 October 2013.<ref name="IELAPD">[http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsfilmtv/andy-irvine-is-still-going-strong-into-his-seventies-310719.html "Andy Irvine is still going strong in his seventies." in Irish Examiner, 5 February 2015.] Retrieved on 13 February 2015.</ref>

===Usher's Island (2015–present day)===
When O'Flynn resigned from LAPD, Irvine, Lunny and Glackin were joined by [[Michael McGoldrick]] and John Doyle to form a new group named [[Usher's Island (band)|Usher's Island]] (a reference to the [[Dublin quays|Dublin quay]]).<ref name="AIIntIN2015">{{cite interview |last= Irvine |first= Andy |interviewer= Brian Campbell |title= Andy having the craic half a century on |format= text |date= 17 January 2015 |access-date= 2 April 2017 |publisher= The Irish News |location= Ireland |url= http://www.irishnews.com/lifestyle/2015/01/17/news/andy-having-the-craic-half-a-century-on-113310/ |df= dmy}}</ref><ref name="AIIntIEGQ2015">{{cite interview |last= Irvine |first= Andy 
|interviewer= Gerry Quinn |title= Andy Irvine is still going strong into his seventies
|date= 5 February 2015 |format= text |publisher= Irish Examiner |location= Cork, Ireland
|url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsfilmtv/andy-irvine-is-still-going-strong-into-his-seventies-310719.html |access-date= 31 March 2017 |df= dmy}}</ref>