Editing Pole of inaccessibility (section)

==Northern pole of inaccessibility==
[[File:Cực bất khả tiếp cận Bắc - Northern pole of inaccessibility.jpg|thumb|Northern pole of inaccessibility]]

The northern pole of inaccessibility, sometimes known as the Arctic pole, is located on the [[Arctic Ocean]] [[pack ice]] at a distance farthest from any landmass. The original position was wrongly believed to lie at 84°3′N 174°51′W. It is not clear who first defined this point, but it may have been Sir [[Hubert Wilkins]], who wished to traverse the Arctic Ocean by [[aircraft]] in 1927. He was finally successful in 1928. In 1968 [[Wally Herbert|Sir Wally Herbert]] came very close to reaching what was then considered to be the position by dogsled, but by his own account, ''Across the Top of the World'', did not make it due to the flow of sea ice.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Wally |author-link=Wally Herbert |year=1971 |title=Across the Top of the World: The Last Great Journey on Earth |url=https://archive.org/details/acrosstopofwor00herb/mode/2up |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=G. P. Putnam |page=[https://archive.org/details/acrosstopofwor00herb/page/176/mode/2up 177–178] |lccn=70136800 |oclc=1023774535 |access-date=19 August 2024 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In 1986, an expedition of Soviet polar scientists led by [[Dmitry Shparo]] claimed to reach the original position by foot during a polar night.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In 2005, explorer [[Jim McNeill, Polar Explorer|Jim McNeill]] asked scientists from The [[National Snow and Ice Data Center]] and [[Scott Polar Research Institute]] to re-establish the position using modern GPS and satellite technology. This was published as a paper in the ''Polar Record'', [[Cambridge University Press]] in 2013.<ref name="Rees2014" /> McNeill launched his own, unsuccessful attempt to reach the new position in 2006, while measuring the depth of sea-ice for [[NASA]].<ref>{{cite news|date=20 February 2006|title=Explorer set for historic Arctic adventure|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4731672.stm|url-status=live|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527193017/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4731672.stm|archive-date=27 May 2006}}</ref> In 2010 he and his [[Ice Warrior Project|Ice Warrior]] team were thwarted again by the poor condition of the sea ice.<ref>{{cite web|last=Becker|first=Kraig|date=10 February 2010|title=North Pole 2010: Expedition to the Pole of Inaccessibility Is Postponed|url=https://adventureblog.net/2010/02/north-pole-2010-expedition-to-pole-of.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013054113/http://theadventureblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/north-pole-2010-expedition-to-pole-of.html|archive-date=13 October 2016|access-date=10 November 2016|work=theadventureblog.blogspot.com|publisher=The Adventure Blog}}</ref>

The new position lies at {{Coord|85|48|N|176|9|W|name=North Pole of Inaccessibility (NPRI)}}, {{convert|1008|km}} from the three closest landmasses: [[Henrietta Island]] in the [[De Long Islands]], at [[Arctic Cape]] on [[Severnaya Zemlya]], and on [[Ellesmere Island]]. It is over {{convert|200|km}} from the originally accepted position.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Duhaime-Ross|first=Arielle|date=15 October 2013|title=A New Race to Earth's End|journal=Scientific American|volume=309|issue=16|pages=16|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1113-16a|pmid=24283006}}</ref> Due to constant motion of the pack ice, no permanent structure can exist at this pole. On 12 September 2024, the French icebreaking cruise ship ''[[Le Commandant Charcot]]'' became the first ship to reach the Northern Pole of Inaccessibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/worlds-only-luxury-icebreaker-becomes-first-ship-to-reach-north-pole-of-inaccessibility/|title=World's Only Luxury Icebreaker Becomes First Ship To Reach North Pole Of Inaccessibility|date=24 September 2024|accessdate=24 September 2024|website=Marine Insight}}</ref>