Editing Polygraph (section)

==Testing procedure==
{{see also|Lie detection#Questioning and testing techniques}}
The examiner typically begins polygraph test sessions with a pre-test interview to gain some preliminary information which will later be used to develop diagnostic questions. Then the tester will explain how the polygraph is supposed to work, emphasizing that it can detect lies and that it is important to answer truthfully. Then a "stim test" is often conducted: the subject is asked to deliberately lie and then the tester reports that he was able to detect this lie. Guilty subjects are likely to become more anxious when they are reminded of the test's validity. However, there are risks of innocent subjects being equally or more anxious than the guilty.<ref name="Lewis, J. A. 2009">{{cite journal | last1 = Lewis | first1 = J. A. | last2 = Cuppari | first2 = M. | year = 2009 | title = The polygraph: The truth lies within | journal = Journal of Psychiatry and Law | volume = 37 | issue = 1| pages = 85–92 | doi = 10.1177/009318530903700107 | s2cid = 152221286 }}</ref>  Then the actual test starts. Some of the questions asked are "irrelevant" ("Is your name Fred?"), others are "diagnostic" questions, and the remainder are the "relevant questions" that the tester is really interested in. The different types of questions alternate. The test is passed if the physiological responses to the diagnostic questions are larger than those during the relevant questions.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/10420/chapter/12|title=The Polygraph and Lie Detection|publisher=The National Academies Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-309-13313-5|location=Washington, DC|pages=253–254|language=en|doi=10.17226/10420}}</ref>

Criticisms have been given regarding the validity of the administration of the Control Question Technique. The CQT may be vulnerable to being conducted in an interrogation-like fashion. This kind of interrogation style would elicit a nervous response from innocent and guilty suspects alike. There are several other ways of administering the questions.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/10420/chapter/12|title=The Polygraph and Lie Detection|publisher=The National Academies Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-309-13313-5|pages=253–258|chapter=Appendix A: Polygraph Questioning Techniques|doi=10.17226/10420}}</ref>

An alternative is the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), or the Concealed Information Test, which is used in [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://digitool.haifa.ac.il/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=673186&local_base=GEN01|title=The Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence in Criminal Courts|author=Don Sosunov|date=October 14, 2010|publisher=[[Haifa University]]|access-date = November 1, 2012|archive-date = November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106072418/http://digitool.haifa.ac.il/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=673186&local_base=GEN01|url-status=dead}}</ref> The administration of this test is given to prevent potential errors that may arise from the questioning style. The test is usually conducted by a tester with no knowledge of the [[crime]] or circumstances in question. The administrator tests the participant on their knowledge of the crime that would not be known to an innocent person. For example: "Was the crime committed with a .45 or a 9 mm?" The questions are in multiple choice and the participant is rated on how they react to the correct answer. If they react strongly to the guilty information, then proponents of the test believe that it is likely that they know facts relevant to the case. This administration is considered more valid by supporters of the test because it contains many safeguards to avoid the risk of the administrator influencing the results.<ref>For more info on the Guilty Knowledge Test, see [http://websites.mscc.huji.ac.il/zerolab/GKTCHAP3.PDF The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) as an Application of Psychophysiology: Future Prospects and Obstacles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528204623/http://websites.mscc.huji.ac.il/zerolab/GKTCHAP3.PDF |date=2008-05-28 }}</ref>