Editing Pope Gregory IX (section)

==Early life and education==
Ugolino (Hugh) was born in [[Anagni]] near Rome. The date of his birth varies in sources between {{circa|1145}}<ref name="ott">{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Pope Gregory IX |volume= 6 |last= Ott |first=  Michael |author-link= |short=1}}</ref> and 1170.<ref>{{BBKL|g/gregor_ix|band=2|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|artikel=Gregor IX., Papst|spalten=317–320}}{{dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref> He is said to have been "in his nineties, if not nearly one hundred years old" at his death.<ref>{{citation |author=Brett Edward Whalen |title=The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2019 |page=122}}.</ref> He received his education at the Universities of [[University of Paris|Paris]] and [[University of Bologna|Bologna.]]

He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of the church of [[Sant'Eustachio]] by his cousin<ref>Werner Maleczek, ''Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216'', (Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984), 126–133.</ref> [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] in December 1198. In 1206 he was promoted to the rank of [[Cardinal Bishop of Ostia e Velletri]]. He became [[Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals]] in 1218 or 1219. Upon the special request of Saint Francis, in 1220, Pope Honorius III appointed him [[Cardinal Protector]] of the order of the [[Franciscans]].

As [[Cardinal Bishop of Ostia]], he cultivated a wide range of acquaintances, among them the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of England]], [[Isabella of Angoulême]].<ref name=Abulafia>David Abulafia, ''Frederick II: a Medieval Emperor'' 1992. 480 pages. Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-508040-8}}</ref>