Editing Pope Honorius II (section)

==Early life==

Lamberto was of simple rural origins, hailing from Fiagnano in the [[Casalfiumanese]] commune, near [[Imola]] in present-day [[Italy]].<ref name="Levillain, pg. 731" /> Entering into an ecclesiastical career, he soon became [[archdeacon]] of [[Bologna]],<ref name="Levillain, pg. 731" /> where his abilities eventually saw him attract the attention of [[Pope Urban II]],<ref name="Mann, pg. 234">Mann, pg. 234.</ref> who presumably appointed him [[cardinal priest]] of an unknown church,<ref>Hüls, pg. 215, no. 13. The date of appointment is unknown, the titulus is unknown, and there are no surviving subscriptions until 1116.</ref> in c. 1099,<ref>Hüls, pg. 197, no. 3, points out that Romanus became cardinal of S. Prassede in 1106 at the latest, and he is still there in 1112. Desiderius succeeded him at S. Prassede by 1116, and went over to the Anacletan Obedience in 1130.</ref> though S. Prassede has been discussed.<ref>though the ''Titulus [[Santa Prassede|St. Praxedis]]'', The titulus of S. Prassede is a suggestion of Ciaconius (Alfonso Chacón), in: [https://books.google.com/books?id=a6xM3BmWwOwC ''Vitae et res gestae Pontificum romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium''] second ed. (ed. Augustinus Olduin) Tomus I (Rome: Filippo and Antonio Rossi 1677), pg. 909; Hüls remarks, "Diese Angabe bei Ciaconius... is nicht überprüfbar; in die Kardinalsliste von S. Prassede lieẞe sich jedoch Lambert gut einfügen."</ref> His successor, [[Pope Paschal II]], made Lamberto a [[Canons Regular of the Lateran|Canon]] of the [[Lateran]]<ref name="Thomas, p. 90">Thomas, pg. 90.</ref><ref>G. Trombelli, ''Memorie istoriche cocern. le due canoniche di S. Maria di Reno e di S. Salvatore'' {{in lang|it}} (Bologna 1752), pg. 207.</ref> before elevating him to the position of [[cardinal bishop]] of [[Bishop of Ostia|Ostia]] in 1117.<ref name="Levillain, pg. 731" /> Lamberto was one of the cardinals who accompanied [[Pope Gelasius II]] into exile in 1118–19 and was at his bedside when Gelasius died.<ref name="Mann, pg. 234" />

With Gelasius's death at Cluny on 28 January 1119, Cardinal Lamberto and Cardinal Cono (Bishop of Palestrina) conducted the election of a new pope according to the canons.  Cardinal Lamberto carried out the coronation of Guy de Bourgogne at Vienne on 9 February 1119, and became a close advisor of [[Pope Callixtus II]].<ref name="Levillain, pg. 731" />  Accompanying Callixtus throughout France, he assisted Callixtus in his initial dealings with [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]].<ref name="Mann, pg. 234" /> As a well-known opponent of the emperor's right to select bishops in his territories (the [[Investiture Controversy]]), Lamberto was a natural choice for papal legate. He was sent in 1119 to deal with Henry V and delegated with powers to come to an understanding concerning the right of investiture.<ref name="Mann, pg. 234" />

Forceful and determined, he summoned the bishops of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] to attend an assembly at [[Mainz]] on 8 September 1122. He expected absolute obedience, so much so that it took the mediation of Archbishop [[Adalbert I of Mainz|Adalbert of Mainz]] to prevent the suspension of Saint [[Otto of Bamberg]] for non-attendance.<ref name="Mann, pg. 235">Mann, pg. 235</ref> The struggle came to a conclusion with the [[Concordat of Worms]] in 1122 and the "''Pactum Calixtinum''" that was almost entirely due to Lamberto's efforts<ref name="Mann, pg. 235" /> was effected on 23 September 1123.