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Pope Martin V
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==Biography== Oddone Colonna was born between 26 January and 20 February 1369 at [[Genazzano]], the son of Agapito [[Colonna family|Colonna]], Lord of Genazzano, [[Capranica Prenestina]], [[San Vito Romano|San Vito]] and [[Ciciliano]] from 1374, who died after 23 May 1398, and wife Caterina [[Conti di Segni|Conti]].{{cn|date=March 2025}}<!--Citation needed clearly supporting place of birth, parents, and their details.--><ref>His date of birth can be established basing on the following contemporary reports: *In a document issued on January 25, 1391 by Pope Boniface IX, Colonna is reported as being in the 22nd year of his life, see Bianca (2008) ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'', op. cit. *According to [[Bartolomeo Platina]], 15th-century librarian of the [[Vatican Library]] (and author of ''Liber de Vita Christi ac Omnium Pontificum [The Lives of the Popes]''), Martin V died in the 63rd year of his life, see {{cite book | author = Platina, B. | author-link = Bartolomeo Platina | year = 1890 | orig-year = 1552 | chapter = Martin V. 1417-1431. | title = Liber de Vita Christi ac Omnium Pontificum | trans-title = The Lives of the Popes | editor = Benham, W. | location = London, England | publisher = Griffith, Farran, Okenden & Welsh | pages = 200-212, esp. 212 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes00platuoft/page/212/mode/2up | access-date = 16 March 2025}} {{primary source inline|date=March 2025}} See also {{cite encyclopedia | author = Bauer, Stefan | date = July 2013 | orig-date = 2008 | chapter = Bartolomeo Sacchi (Platina) | title = Repertorium Pomponianum | editor = Pade, Marianne [chair]; Abbamonte, Giancarlo; Bianca, Concetta; Gaisser, Julia; Modigliani, Anna; Osmond, Patricia & Ramminger, Johann | url = https://www.repertoriumpomponianum.it/pomponiani/platina.htm | access-date = 16 March 2025}}</ref>{{OR|date=March 2025}} He belonged to one of the oldest and most distinguished families of [[Rome]].{{cn|date=March 2025}} His brother Giordano, Lord of Genazzano, Capranica Prenestina, San Vito and Ciciliano, a Neapolitan General, Patrician of Naples in 1417, was shortly Prince of [[Salerno]] and Duke of [[Venosa]] from 3 August 1419, dying of plague on 16 August 1422, having married Mascia Annibaldi, who died in 1423, without issue, while his sister [[Paola Colonna|Paola]] was [[prince of Piombino|Lady of Piombino]] between 1441 and 1445.{{cn|date=March 2025}} Oddone studied law at the [[University of Pavia]]; he became [[apostolic protonotary]] under [[Pope Urban VI]] (1378â1389), and was created [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[San Giorgio in Velabro]] by [[Pope Innocent VII]] in 1405.<ref name=Miranda>{{cite book| author = Miranda, Salvador | date = 2015 | title = The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church | format = Biographical Dictionary | chapter = Innocent VII (1404-1406); Consistory of June 12, 1405 (I); 9. Colonna, Oddone (1368-1431) | url = https://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1405.htm#Colonna | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004842/https://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1405.htm#Colonna | access-date = 16 March 2025 | archive-date = 2016-03-05 | location = Miami, FL | publisher = Florida Atlantic University and Salvador Miranda | quote = <small>'''Education.''' Studied law at the University of Pavia. / '''Early life.''' Referendary and protonotary apostolic in the pontificate of Pope Urban VI. Named auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota and apostolic nuncio in Italy by Pope Boniface IX. / '''Episcopate.''' Elected bishop of Urbino in 1380; occupied the see until 1409; he never received the episcopal consecration until his election to the papacy. Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, December 15, 1401 until 1405. / '''Cardinalate.''' Created cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of June 12, 1405... / '''Papacy.''' Elected pope on November 11, 1417. Took the name Martin V. Ordained to the priesthood on Saturday November 13, 1417, in the ''presbyterium'' of the cathedral of Constance, by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia and Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Consecrated bishop on Sunday November 14, 1417, in the same ''presbyterium'', also by Cardinal Allarmet de Brogny... </small>}}</ref> In 1409 he took part in the [[Council of Pisa]], and was one of the supporters of [[Antipope Alexander V]]. Later he confirmed his allegiance to Alexander's successor, [[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]], by whom his family obtained several privileges, while Oddone obtained for himself the vicariate of [[Todi]], [[Orvieto]], [[Perugia]] and [[Umbria]]; He was excommunicated for this in 1411 by Pope [[Gregory XII]].<ref name=MartinTrecc/> Oddone was with John XXIII's entourage at the [[Council of Constance]] [Costanza] and followed him in his escape at [[Schaffhausen]] [Sciaffusa] on 21 March 1415; later he returned to [[Konstanz|Constance]] and took part in the process leading to the deposition of John XXIII.<ref name=MartinTrecc>{{cite encyclopedia | author = Bianca, Concetta | date = 2008 | chapter = Martino V, Papa | title = Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani | volume = 71 | location = Rome, Italy | publisher = Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani | language = it | url = http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/papa-martino-v_(Dizionario-Biografico) | quote = <small> Il 25 marzo 1409 partecipò alla processione che aprĂŹ il concilio di Pisa; qui Oddone abbandonò Gregorio XII per eleggere il 26 giugno 1409 Alessandro V; questi il 21 maggio 1410 concesse ai fratelli di Oddone, Giordano e Lorenzo, il vicariato su Castro e Ripi, che sarebbe stato riconfermato dal successore. Alla morte di Alessandro V partecipò a Bologna, il 17 maggio 1410, allâelezione di Giovanni XXIII, che si appoggiò su di lui e sulla sua famiglia per il prestigio che essi godevano a Roma: il fratello Giordano fu infatti incaricato di scortare a Roma il 15 giugno il cardinale Pietro de Frias, legato pontificio di Giovanni XXIII. Per lâadesione allâobbedienza pisana Oddone fu nel 1411 scomunicato da Gregorio XII; numerosi benefici e incarichi furono invece a lui concessi da Giovanni XXIII, come lâesenzione dalle imposte del sale e del focatico per Pisoniano e Ciciliano, privilegio riguardante i fratelli, ma direttamente concesso a Oddone. Nel febbraio 1411 fu nominato vicario generale in Perugia, Todi, Orvieto e Umbria; nel maggio 1411 anche Terni fece atto di sottomissione al cardinale Colonna. / Dopo la partenza di Giovanni XXIII da Roma, Oddone divenne con tutta probabilitĂ legato dellâUrbe e del Patrimonio. Al seguito di Giovanni XXIII si recò poi al concilio di Costanza e seguĂŹ nella fuga il papa a Sciaffusa il 21 marzo 1415, ma ben presto fece ritorno a Costanza, dove divenne testimone del processo che portò alla deposizione del pontefice.</small>}}</ref>
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