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Porous medium
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==Scale== At the microscopic and macroscopic levels, porous media can be classified. At the microscopic scale, the structure is represented statistically by the distribution of pore sizes, the degree of pore interconnection and orientation, the proportion of dead pores, etc.<ref name="Particulate systems">{{cite journal |last1=Chhabra |first1=R. P. |last2=Richardson |first2=J. F. |title=Chapter 5 - Particulate systems |journal=Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology (Second Edition) |date=1 January 2008 |pages=249β315 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-7506-8532-0.00005-6 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-8532-0.00005-6 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=9780750685320 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The macroscopic technique makes use of [[bulk property|bulk properties]] that have been averaged at scales far bigger than pore size.<ref name="Particulate systems"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=3 - Dye transport in fluid systems |journal=Modelling, Simulation and Control of the Dyeing Process |date=1 January 2014 |pages=54β81 |doi=10.1533/9780857097583.54 |url=https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097583.54 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=9780857091338 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Depending on the goal, these two techniques are frequently employed since they are complimentary. It is obvious that the microscopic description is required to comprehend surface phenomena like the adsorption of macromolecules from polymer solutions and the blocking of pores, whereas the macroscopic approach is frequently quite sufficient for process design where [[fluid flow]], heat, and [[mass transfer]] are of highest concern. and the molecular dimensions are significantly smaller than pore size of the porous system.<ref name="Particulate systems"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jinlong |last2=Thomas |first2=Hywel R. |last3=Li |first3=Chenfeng |title=Tortuosity of porous media: Image analysis and physical simulation |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |date=January 2021 |volume=212 |pages=103439 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103439|s2cid=229386129 |url=https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa55808/Download/55808__18817__4aeefe32b0ee4ae7993bff0531362902.pdf }}</ref>
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