Editing PowerPC 7xx (section)

==Processors==

=== PowerPC 740/750 ===
[[File:XPC750.jpg|right|thumb|300 MHz Motorola PowerPC 750 processor with off-die L2 cache on the CPU module from a [[Power Mac G3]].]]
The PowerPC 740 and 750 (codename Arthur)<ref name="Gwennap 1997">[[#Gwennap 1997|Gwennap 1997]]</ref> were introduced in late 1997 as an evolutionary replacement for the [[PowerPC 603]]e. Enhancements included a faster [[PowerPC 600#60x bus|60x system bus]] (66&nbsp;MHz), larger L1 caches (32 KB instruction and 32 KB data), a second integer unit, an enhanced floating point unit, and higher core frequency. The 750 had support for an optional 256, 512 or 1024 KB external unified L2 cache. The cache controller and cache tags are on-die. The cache was accessed via a dedicated 64-bit bus.

The 740 and 750 added [[branch predictor|dynamic branch prediction]] and a 64-entry branch target instruction cache (BTIC). Dynamic branch prediction uses the recorded outcome of a branch stored in a 512-entry by 2-bit branch history table (BHT) to predict its outcome. The BTIC caches the first two instructions at a branch target.

The 740/750 models had 6.35 million transistors and were initially manufactured by IBM and Motorola in an aluminium based fabrication process. The die measured 67&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> at 0.26&nbsp;μm and it reached speeds of up to 366&nbsp;MHz while consuming 7.3&nbsp;W.

In 1999, IBM fabricated versions in a 0.20&nbsp;μm process with [[copper interconnect]]s, which increased the frequency up to 500&nbsp;MHz and decreased power consumption to 6&nbsp;W and the die size to 40&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup>.

The 740 slightly outperformed the [[Pentium II]] while consuming far less power and with a smaller die. The off-die L2 cache of the 750 increased performance by approximately 30% in most situations. The design was so successful that it quickly surpassed the [[PowerPC 604e]] in integer performance, causing a planned 604 successor to be scrapped.

The PowerPC 740 is completely pin compatible with the older 603, allowing upgrades to the PowerBook 1400, 2400, and even a prototype PowerBook 500/G3. The 750 with its L2 cache bus required more pins and thus a different package, a 360-pin [[ball grid array]] (BGA).

The PowerPC 750 was used in many computers from Apple, including the original [[iMac]].

==== RAD750 ====
{{Main|RAD750}}
The RAD750 is a [[radiation hardening|radiation-hardened]] processor, based on the PowerPC 750. It is intended for use in high [[ionizing radiation|radiation]] environments such as experienced on board [[satellite]]s and other [[spacecraft]]. The RAD750 was released for purchase in 2001. The [[Mars Science Laboratory]] ([[Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'']]), [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]], [[Mars 2020]] ([[Perseverance (rover)|''Perseverance'']]) and [[James Webb Space Telescope]] spacecraft have a RAD750 on board.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mars Science Laboratory Launch Press Kit|url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/MSLLaunch.pdf|publisher=NASA/JPL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McComas|first=David|title=Lessons from 30 Years of Flight Software|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20150019915/downloads/20150019915.pdf|website=NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server}}</ref>

The processor has 10.4 million transistors, is manufactured by [[BAE Systems]] using either 250 or 150&nbsp;nm process and has a die area of 130&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup>. It operates at 110 to 200&nbsp;MHz. The CPU itself can withstand 200,000 to 1,000,000 [[Rad (unit)|Rad]]s and temperature ranges between −55 and 125&nbsp;°C.
The RAD750 packaging and logic functions has a price tag in excess of [[United States dollar|US$]]200,000 {{citation needed|date=December 2022}}: the high price is mainly due to radiation hardening revisions to the PowerPC 750 architecture and manufacturing, stringent quality control requirements, and extended testing of each processor chip manufactured.

=== PowerPC 745/755 ===
Motorola revised the 740/750 design in 1998 and shrunk die size to 51&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> thanks to a newer aluminium based fabrication at 0.22 μm. The speeds increased to up to 600&nbsp;MHz. The 755 was used in some [[iBook]] and G3-based iMac models. After this model, Motorola chose not to keep developing the 750 processors in favour of their [[PowerPC G4|PowerPC 7400]] processor and other cores.

=== PowerPC 750CX ===
IBM continued to develop the PowerPC 750 line and introduced the PowerPC 750CX (code-named Sidewinder) in 2000. It has a 256 KiB on-die L2 cache; this increased performance while reducing power consumption and complexity. At 400&nbsp;MHz, it drew under 4 W. The 750CX had 20 million transistors including its L2 cache. It had a die size of 43&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> through a 0.18 μm copper process. The 750CX was only used in one iMac and iBook revision.

=== PowerPC 750CXe ===<!-- This section is linked from [[List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type]] -->
[[File:PPC750CXEHP55-3 01.jpg|thumb|A 533 MHz IBM PowerPC 750CXe in a high performance [[Ball Grid Array]] packaging]]
750CXe (codename Anaconda), introduced in 2001, is a minor revision of 750CX to increase its clock speed to 700&nbsp;MHz and memory bus from 100&nbsp;MHz to 133&nbsp;MHz. The 750CXe also features improved floating-point performance over the 750CX.<ref name="www-306.ibm.com">{{cite web |url=http://www-306.ibm.com/chips/techlib/techlib.nsf/techdocs/2A584218A2E9696187256B0600032778/$file/750FX_APP_diff_doc_DD2.X_V1.0prel29May02.pdf |title=Application Note : Differences Between the IBM PowerPC 750FX, PowerPC 750, and the PowerPC 750CX/PowerPC 750CXe RISC Microprocessors |publisher=306.ibm.com |access-date=2013-10-07 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Several [[iBook]] models and the last G3-based iMacs have this processor.

A cost reduced version of 750CXe, called 750CXr, has lower frequencies.

==== Gekko ====
{{main|Gekko (microprocessor)}}
Gekko is the IBM's custom central processor for the [[Nintendo]] [[GameCube]] game console. Based on the PowerPC 750CXe, it adds about 50 new instructions and a modified [[Floating point unit|FPU]] capable of some [[SIMD]] functionality. It has 256 KiB of on die L2 cache, operates at 486&nbsp;MHz with a 162&nbsp;MHz memory bus, is fabricated by IBM on a 180&nbsp;nm process. The die size is 43&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup>.

=== PowerPC 750FX ===<!-- This section is linked from [[List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type]] -->
The 750FX (code-named Sahara) came in 2002 and increased frequency up to 900&nbsp;MHz, the bus speed to 166&nbsp;MHz and the on-die L2 cache to 512 KiB. It also featured a number of improvements to the memory subsystem: an enhanced and faster (200&nbsp;MHz) 60x bus controller, a wider L2 cache bus, and the ability to lock parts of the L2 cache.<ref name="www-306.ibm.com"/> It is manufactured using a 0.13 μm copper based fabrication with [[Low-K|Low-K dielectric]] and [[Silicon on insulator]] technology. 750FX has 39 million transistors, a die size of 35&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> and consumes less than 4 W at 800&nbsp;MHz at typical loads. It was the last G3 type processor used by Apple (employed on the final G3-based iBook models).

A low powered version of 750FX is available called 750FL.

The 750FX powers NASA's [[Orion spacecraft|Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle]].<ref name=Com2014>{{cite web|title=The Orion spacecraft is no smarter than your phone|publisher=ComputerWorld|access-date=2014-12-05|date=2014|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2855604/the-orion-spacecraft-is-no-smarter-than-your-phone.html}}</ref> Orion is using [[Honeywell|Honeywell International Inc.]]'s flight computer that was originally built for Boeing's [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|787]] jet airliner.

=== PowerPC 750GX ===
750GX (codenamed Gobi), revealed in 2004, was a 7xx processor from IBM. It has an on-die 1&nbsp;MB L2 cache, a top frequency of 1.1&nbsp;GHz, and support for bus speeds up to 200&nbsp;MHz among other enhancements compared to 750FX. It is manufactured using a 0.13&nbsp;μm process with copper interconnects, [[Low-K|low-K dielectric]], and [[silicon on insulator]] technology. The 750GX has 44 million transistors, a die size of 52&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> and consumes less than 9&nbsp;W at 1&nbsp;GHz at typical loads.

A low-power version of the 750GX is available, called the 750GL.

=== PowerPC 750VX ===
750VX (codenamed "Mojave") is a rumored, not confirmed and canceled version of the 7xx line. It would be the most powerful and featured version to date with up to 4MB of off die L3 cache, a 400Mhz DDR front side bus and the same implementation of [[AltiVec]] used in the [[PowerPC 970]]. It was expected to clock as high as 1.8&nbsp;GHz (starting at 1.5&nbsp;GHz) and reported to have additional pipeline stages, and advanced power management features.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jade |first=Kasper |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/03/12/11/ibm_powerpc_750vx_finalized_sources_say |title=IBM PowerPC 750VX finalized, sources say |publisher=Appleinsider.com |date=2003-12-11 |access-date=2013-10-07}}</ref> It was reported to be finished and ready for production in December 2003, but said timing was too late for it to get significant orders seeing Apple's iBook line had switched to G4s in October the same year, and thus it quickly fell off the roadmap. It was never released or heard from since.

There were follow up chips planned, such the 750VXe, which would have surpassed 2&nbsp;GHz.

=== PowerPC 750CL ===
The 750CL is an evolved 750CXe, with speeds ranging from 400&nbsp;MHz to 1&nbsp;GHz with a system bus up to 240&nbsp;MHz, L2 cache prefetch features and graphics related instructions have been added to improve performance. As the added graphics-related functions match closely the ones found in the Gekko processor it is very likely that the 750CL is a shrink of the same processor for general purpose use. The 750CL is manufactured using a 90&nbsp;nm copper based fabrication with [[Low-K|Low-K dielectric]] and [[Silicon on insulator]] technology and features 20 million transistors on a 16&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> die. It draws up to 2.7 W at 600&nbsp;MHz, 9.8 W at 1&nbsp;GHz.<ref>[https://www-01.ibm.com/chips/techlib/techlib.nsf/techdocs/2F33B5691BBB8769872571D10065F7D5/$file/750cldd2x_ds_v2.6_16Oct2009dft.pdf IBM PowerPC 750CL Microprocessor Revision Level DD2.x]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.raidenii.net/files/datasheets/cpu/ppc_750cl.pdf IBM PowerPC 750CL RISC Microprocessor User’s Manual] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115093928/http://www.raidenii.net/files/datasheets/cpu/ppc_750cl.pdf |date=2012-11-15 }}</ref>

==== Broadway ====<!-- This section is linked from [[List of IBM products]] -->
[[File:Broadwaycpu.JPG|thumb|This Broadway processor was manufactured in [[East Fishkill]], NY but packaged in IBM's plant in Canada, hence the text on the metal cover.]]
{{Main|Broadway (microprocessor)}}
The CPU in [[Wii]] is virtually identical to the 750CL but it runs at 729&nbsp;MHz, a frequency not supported by stock 750CL. It measures only 4.2 x 4.5&nbsp;mm (18.9&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup>). This is smaller than half the size of the "Gekko" microprocessor (43&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup>) incorporated in the GameCube at its first release.<ref>[http://raidenii.net/files/datasheets/cpu/ppc_broadway.pdf IBM Broadway RISC Microprocessor User’s Manual, v0.6] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204224011/http://raidenii.net/files/datasheets/cpu/ppc_broadway.pdf |date=2013-12-04 }}</ref>

==== Espresso ====
{{Main|Espresso (microprocessor)}}
The CPU in [[Wii U]] is believed to be an evolution of the Broadway architecture. The largely unconfirmed characteristics are a triple core CPU which runs at 1.24&nbsp;GHz and a 45&nbsp;nm process.