Editing Power distance (section)

== Origin ==
[[Geert Hofstede]] was a Dutch psychologist and professor.<ref name=":1">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hofstede, Geert Dutch educator (b. 1928) |encyclopedia=In Capstone Press, Capstone Encyclopaedia of Business |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |url=https://search-credoreference-com.db19.linccweb.org/content/entry/capstonebus/hofstede_geert/0 |date=May 2003 |pages=224 |isbn=9780857085559}}</ref> He conducted a survey from the 1960s to the 1970s through [[IBM]], a multinational computer manufacturing company, which was the main contribution to his development of the cultural dimensions theory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory |url=https://www.simplypsychology.org/hofstedes-cultural-dimensions-theory.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.simplypsychology.org|date=3 November 2022 }}</ref> 

In the study, Hofstede distributed questionnaires to various IBM employees in different countries relating to value differences within the company.<ref>Groff, Adam. "Power Distance Index (PDI).” Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2018.</ref> He observed different power distance levels and management styles and theorized four cultural dimensions: individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, power distance and uncertainty avoidance.<ref>"Hofstede, Geert." The New Penguin Business Dictionary, edited by Graham Bannock, Penguin, 1st edition, 2003. Credo Reference, Accessed 25 February 2020.</ref> 

Later research led to the discovery of a fifth and sixth dimension. Chinese sociologists{{fact|date=April 2023}} identified long term/short term orientation as the fifth and a replica of Hofstede's study identified the sixth: indulgence/restraint. These dimensions were described in his popular work, "Culture's Consequences." 

Hofstede created a measurement tool for the power distance dimension. The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures to what degree a country, organization, or institution accepts the distribution of power and authority; it can be high, moderate, or low.