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Prefecture
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==Literal prefectures== ===Antiquity=== ''Prefecture'' originally referred to several distinct administrative structures in ancient Rome. In the [[Roman Republic]] and early Empire, a '''[[Praefectura (Roman settlement)|praefectura]]''' was a town or community lacking full civic autonomy and administered by a Roman-appointed [[Praefectus]]. These praefecturae were common in Italy before the extension of Roman citizenship and typically occupied a lower legal status than a [[municipium]] or [[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]. Later, during the [[Tetrarchy]], Emperor [[Diocletian]] reorganized the Roman Empire into four major administrative divisions known as '''praetorian prefectures'''. Each was composed of several [[diocese]]s and governed by a senior official called a ''[[Praetorian prefect]]''. This structure persisted into the [[Byzantine Empire]] and influenced later forms of territorial governance. ===Ecclesiastic=== {{See also|Apostolic prefecture}} As [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Catholic canon law]] is strongly inspired by Roman law, it is not surprising that the Catholic Church has several offices under a prefect. That term occurs also in otherwise styled offices, such as the head of a congregation or department of the [[Roman Curia]]. Various ecclesiastical areas, too small for a [[diocese]], are termed prefects.
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