Editing Preprint (section)

==History==
Since 1991, preprints have increasingly been distributed electronically on the [[Internet]], rather than as paper copies. This has given rise to massive preprint databases such as [[arXiv]] and [[HAL (open archive)]] etc. to [[institutional repository|institutional repositories]]. The sharing of preprints goes back to at least the 1960s, when the [[National Institutes of Health]] circulated biological preprints. After six years the use of these [[Information Exchange Groups]] was stopped, partially because journals stopped accepting submissions shared via these channels.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cobb |first1=Matthew |title=The prehistory of biology preprints: A forgotten experiment from the 1960s |journal=PLOS Biology |date=16 November 2017 |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=e2003995 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.2003995|pmid=29145518 |pmc=5690419 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2017, the [[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]] started supporting citations of preprints in grant and fellowship applications,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukri.org/councils/mrc/guidance-for-applicants/policies-and-guidance-for-researchers/preprints/ |title=The MRC supports preprints |publisher=Medical Research Council |date=2017-01-03|website=www.mrc.ac.uk|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> and [[Wellcome Trust]] started accepting preprints in grant applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/news/we-now-accept-preprints-grant-applications|title=We now accept preprints in grant applications |publisher=Wellcome|website=wellcome.ac.uk|date=10 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-10}}</ref>

In February 2017, a coalition of scientists and biomedical funding bodies including the National Institutes of Health, the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust launched a proposal for a central site for life-sciences preprints.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callaway |first=Ewen |title=Heavyweight funders back central site for life-sciences preprints|journal=Nature|volume=542 |issue=7641 |pages=283–284 |language=en|doi=10.1038/nature.2017.21466|pmid=28202994 |bibcode=2017Natur.542..283C|date=2017-02-16 |s2cid=4466963 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asapbio.org/principles|title=Principles for establishing a Central Service for Preprints: a statement from a consortium of funders {{!}} ASAPbio|website=asapbio.org|date=13 February 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asapbio.org/asapbio-newsletter-vol-7|title=ASAPbio newsletter vol 7 – Funders sign onto principles for preprint development, RFA released, scientific society town hall {{!}} ASAPbio|website=asapbio.org|date=14 February 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref> In February 2017, [[SciELO]] announced plans to set up a preprints server – SciELO Preprints.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.scielo.org/en/2017/02/22/scielo-preprints-on-the-way/#.WK2Q6jsrI2w|title=SciELO Preprints on the way |date=2017-02-22|newspaper=SciELO in Perspective|access-date=2017-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref> In March 2017, the National Institutes for Health issued a new policy encouraging research preprint submissions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-17-050.html|title=NOT-OD-17-050: Reporting Preprints and Other Interim Research Products|website=grants.nih.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/nih-enables-investigators-include-draft-preprints-grant-proposals |title=NIH enables investigators to include draft preprints in grant proposals|date=2017-03-24|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|access-date=2017-03-27 |language=en}}</ref> In April 2017, [[Center for Open Science]] announced that it will be launching six new preprint archives.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cos.io/blog/public-goods-infrastructure-preprints-and-innovation-scholarly-communication/|title=Public Goods Infrastructure for Preprints and Innovation in Scholarly Communication|website=cos.io|language=en|access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref> At the end of the 2010s, libraries and discovery tools increasingly integrate [[Unpaywall]] data, which indexes millions of preprints and other [[green open access]] sources and manages to serve over half of the requests by users without the need for subscriptions.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Kerry|last1=Dhakal|title=Unpaywall|journal=Journal of the Medical Library Association|date=15 April 2019|volume=107|issue=2|pages=286–288|pmc=6466485|doi=10.5195/jmla.2019.650}}</ref>

During the early months of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the need for published research on the disease spurred a wave of research articles being released as preprints,<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last1=Heidary|first1=Fatemeh|last2=Gharebaghi|first2=Reza|date=2021-05-31|title=COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics|journal=Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Ophthalmology|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1–4|doi=10.51329/mehdiophthal1414|pmid=37641621 |issn=2322-3219|doi-access=free|pmc=10460218}}</ref> bypassing the peer-review and publication process, which was proving too slow in the context of an active and novel pandemic. The release of COVID-related preprint articles, along with other COVID-related articles published by traditional journals, contributed to the largest ever single-year increase in scholarly articles.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=No revolution: COVID-19 boosted open access, but preprints are only a fraction of pandemic papers|date=15 September 2021|orig-date=Originally published 8 September 2021|last=Brainard|first=Jeffrey|language=en|doi=10.1126/science.acx9058|doi-access=free|journal=Science}}</ref>