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Principle
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==As law== ===As moral law=== [[File:Socrates BM GR1973.03-27.16.jpg|thumb|[[Socrates]] preferred to face execution rather than betray his moral principles.<ref>[http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/socrates.html "The Ethics of Socrates."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501020320/http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/socrates.html |date=2018-05-01 }} ''Philosophy''. 25 October 2017.</ref>|upright=0.9]] {{main|Ethics}} A principle represents values that orient and rule the conduct of persons in a particular society. To "act on principle" is to act in accordance with one's moral ideals.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/us/politics/jeff-flake-transcript-senate-speech.html "Full Transcript: Jeff Flakeโs Speech on the Senate Floor."] ''New York Times''. 24 October 2017. 25 October 2017.</ref> Principles are absorbed in childhood through a process of [[socialization]]. There is a presumption of liberty of individuals that is restrained. Exemplary principles include [[First, do no harm]], the [[Golden Rule]] and the ''[[Doctrine of the Mean]]''. ===As a juridic law=== {{Main|Principle of legality in criminal law}} It represents a set of values that inspire the written norms that organize the life of a society submitting to the powers of an authority, generally the State. The law establishes a legal obligation, in a coercive way; it therefore acts as principle [[Classical conditioning|conditioning]] of the action that limits the liberty of the individuals. See, for examples, the [[territorial principle]], [[homestead principle]], and [[precautionary principle]]. ===As scientific law=== [[Archimedes' principle]], relating buoyancy to the weight of displaced water, is an early example of a [[law (principle)|law]] in science. Another early one developed by [[Malthus]] is the ''population principle'', now called the [[Malthusian principle]].<ref>Elwell, Frank W. [http://www.faculty.rsu.edu/users/f/felwell/www/Theorists/Essays/Malthus1.htm "T. Robert Mathus's Principle ...."] ''Rogers State University''. 2013. 25 October 2017.</ref> Freud also wrote on principles, especially the [[reality principle]] necessary to keep the id and [[pleasure principle (psychology)|pleasure principle]] in check. Biologists use the [[principle of priority]] and [[principle of Binominal nomenclature]] for precision in naming [[species]]. There are many principles observed in physics, notably in [[cosmology]] which observes the [[mediocrity principle]], the [[anthropic principle]], the [[principle of relativity]] and the [[cosmological principle]]. Other well-known principles include the [[uncertainty principle]] in [[quantum mechanics]] and the [[pigeonhole principle]] and [[superposition principle]] in mathematics.
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