Editing Pro bono (section)

==Law==
{{Main|Legal aid}}
''Pro bono'' legal counsel may assist an individual or group on a legal case by filing government applications or petitions. A judge may occasionally determine that the loser should compensate a winning ''pro bono'' counsel.

=== Japan ===
In Japan, the number of registered NPO Service Grants, which coordinates team-type ''pro bono'' programs, has increased tenfold between 2010 and 2020, and has supported more than 1,000 projects. In addition, the introduction of ''pro bono'' is gaining attention as an opportunity to promote citizen participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource development in companies, and to solve problems in community development in local governments. The current authorized NPO, Service Grant Japan, was one of the first to take notice of the possibilities of such ''pro bono'', bring that know-how back to Japan, and start offering a ''pro bono'' program that matches the country. Since its launch in 2005, the number of people, organizations, and companies engaged in ''pro bono'' activities in Japan has steadily increased. At the same time, many organizations coordinating ''pro bono'' activities have been established in countries other than Japan. more have joined. As a member of this "Global Pro Bono Network," the certified NPO Service Grant is actively participating in networking and collaboration with various parts of the world. The NPO has a volunteer base with over 7,500 registered professionals (''pro bono'' workers), and successfully participate in more than 180 projects annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Pro Bono Network - Service Grant Japan |url=https://globalprobono.org/post_members/service-grant-japan/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=Global Pro Bono Network |language=en}}</ref>

As in the United States, some bar associations in Japan set mandatory working hours for public interest activities, and are sometimes regarded as ''pro bono'' activities. Certified public accountants are also gaining recognition as a result of pioneering efforts by [[PwC]] Aarata LLC. [[Small and medium-sized enterprises|Small and medium-sized enterprise]] management consultants are also active in a wide range of activities, such as traveling to [[Tōhoku region|Tohoku]] with lunch boxes and supporting the reconstruction of local businesses and shopping districts, mainly for Tohoku reconstruction support activities.

=== The Netherlands ===
In the Netherlands, legal services offered without payment are known as '''''pro deo'''''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=Ex-agent die veroordeeld is voor dood George Floyd gaat in beroep |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2399033-ex-agent-die-veroordeeld-is-voor-dood-george-floyd-gaat-in-beroep |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=[[nos.nl]] |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-19 |title=Spong respecteert vonnis in proces Decembermoorden |url=https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2007/10/20/spong-respecteert-vonnis-in-proces-decembermoorden/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=Waterkant.net |language=nl}}</ref>

===Philippines===
In late 1974, former Philippine Senator [[Jose W. Diokno]] was released from prison as a political detainee. He set out as a litigation lawyer to devise a means to combat the [[Marcos dictatorship]] and introduced the term "developmental [[legal aid]]", which involved lawyers providing ''pro bono'' legal services but also providing allowances to their clients, who were normally the urban poor, informal settlers, farmers, and victims of [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos]]. Diokno set up the [[Free Legal Assistance Group|Free Legal Assistance Group or FLAG]], which is the oldest human rights organization in the country. During martial law FLAG has handled most of the human rights cases against the military police and the administration.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gavilan|first=Jodesz|title=No cause more worthy: Ka Pepe Diokno's fight for human rights|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/jose-ka-pepe-diokno-human-rights|date=2017-09-21|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> Eventually the concept of developmental legal aid has grown and fresh lawyers are required to conduct part-time free legal aid for a considerable amount of time, otherwise called the Community Legal Aid Service (CLAS) Rule.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Te|first=Theodore|title=ANALYSIS-Deep Dive, Community legal aid service: Too much, too soon?|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/analysis-deep-dive-community-legal-aid-service-too-much-soon|date=2018-12-20|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref> Many developmental legal services are provided by most law firms and NGOs in the Philippines.

===South Korea===
South Korean lawyers are required to complete at least 30 hours of ''pro bono'' work per year; however, the local bar associations can reduce this requirement to 20 hours per year. Those who have a good reason not to fulfill the requirement may pay to a ''pro bono'' fund [[South Korean won|₩]]20,000–30,000 (US$17–26) per hour instead.<ref>Korean Bar Association Rule on Pro Bono Article 3</ref>

===United Kingdom===
Since 2003, many UK law firms and [[law school]]s have celebrated an annual Pro Bono Week, which encourages [[solicitor]]s and [[barrister]]s to offer ''pro bono'' services and increases general awareness of ''pro bono'' service.<ref>Dyer, Clare. "Win or lose, no fee: pro bono week promotes free legal services." [https://www.theguardian.com/law/story/0,,1790285,00.html Pro Bono work.] The Guardian. 6 June 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2007.</ref><ref>Dowell, Katy. "Attorney General sets up global pro bono database." [https://archive.today/20120920004520/http://www.thelawyer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=135731 Pro bono week.] The Lawyer.17 November 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.</ref> LawWorks (the operating name for the Solicitors Pro Bono Group) is a national charity that works with solicitors and law students, encouraging and supporting them in carrying out legal pro bono work. It also acts as a clearing house for ''pro bono'' casework. Individuals and community groups may apply to the charity for free legal advice and mediation, where they could not otherwise afford to pay and are not entitled to [[legal aid]].<ref name="LawWorks">{{cite web |url= http://www.lawworks.org.uk/ |title=LawWorks - The Solicitors Pro Bono Group - Pro Bono Support across England and Wales provided by solicitors, mediators and law students |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> Advocates for International Development, which exclusively brokers international ''pro bono'' contributing towards the [[Sustainable Development Goals]], operates from a London base.<ref name="A4ID">{{cite web |url= http://a4id.org/content/contact-us |title=A4ID |access-date=19 August 2013}}</ref> Many barristers offer ''pro bono'' services as a direct response the Legal Aid cuts brought by [[LASPO]] 2012, from which they make no profit.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Secret Barrister|date=4 April 2019 |publisher=Picador|isbn=978-1509841141}}</ref> The Bar Council has revealed that just under a quarter of the bar offer pro bono; this is 3,486 barristers. Additionally, in 2018, the Bar contributed almost 11,000 hours of ''pro bono'' work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro bono|url=https://www.barcouncil.org.uk/policy-representation/policy-issues/pro-bono.html}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, a collaboration between local intellectual property organizations called IP Pro Bono offers intellectual property advice and legal support for claimants and defendants in intellectual property disputes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My Site |url=https://www.ipprobono.org.uk/ |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.ipprobono.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

===United States===
Lawyers in the [[United States]] are recommended under [[American Bar Association]] (ABA) ethical rules to contribute at least 50 hours of ''pro bono'' service per year.<ref>"ABA Model Rule 6.1 Voluntary Pro Bono Service." [http://www.americanbar.org/groups/probono_public_service/policy/aba_model_rule_6_1.html Pro Bono and Public Service.] Retrieved 2 June 2007.</ref> Some state [[bar association]]s, however, may recommend fewer hours. Rule 6.1 of the New York Rules of Professional Conduct strongly encourages lawyers to aspire to provide at least 50 hours of ''pro bono'' service each year and quantifies the minimal financial contributions that lawyers should aspire to make to organizations providing legal services to the poor and underserved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycourts.gov/rules/jointappellate/NY-Rules-Prof-Conduct-1200.pdf|title=Rules of Professional Conduct (22 NYCRR Part 1200)}}</ref> In contrast, other states, such as Illinois, do not have recommended hours, yet require annual disclosure of voluntary ''pro bono'' hours and contributions made to ''pro bono'' organizations.<ref>See Illinois Supreme Court Rule 756(f).</ref> The Chief Judge of New York has also instituted a requirement that applicants who plan to be admitted in 2015 and onward must complete 50 hours of ''pro bono'' service in order to qualify.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycourts.gov/attorneys/probono/baradmissionreqs.shtml|title=Pro Bono Bar Admission Requirements - NYCOURTS.GOV|website=www.nycourts.gov}}</ref> All attorneys who register must report their voluntary ''pro bono'' hours or voluntary contributions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycourts.gov/ATTORNEYS/probono/reportingreqs-intro.shtml|title=Reporting Requirements - Attorney Registration - NYCOURTS.GOV|website=www.nycourts.gov}}</ref>
 
The ABA has conducted four national surveys of ''pro bono'' service: one released in August 2005,<ref name="ABA.2">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/images/probono_public_service/ts/report.pdf |title=Supporting Justice: A Report on the Pro Bono Work of America's Lawyers |work= americanbar.org |publisher=[[American Bar Association]] |location=Chicago, IL, USA |date=23 July 2008 |orig-year=9 August 2005 |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-date=8 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908093331/https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/images/probono_public_service/ts/report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> the second in February 2009,<ref name="ABA.3">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/images/probono_public_service/ts/report2.pdf |title=Supporting Justice II: A Report on the Pro Bono Work of America's Lawyers |work= americanbar.org |publisher=[[American Bar Association]] |location=Chicago, IL, USA |date=6 February 2009 |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-date=8 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908093506/https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/images/probono_public_service/ts/report2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> the third in March 2013<ref name="ABA.4">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/probono_public_service/ls_pb_Supporting_Justice_III_final.pdf |title=Supporting Justice III: A Report on the Pro Bono Work of America's Lawyers |work=americanbar.org |publisher=[[American Bar Association]] |location=Chicago, IL, USA |date=22 March 2013 |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708154021/https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/probono_public_service/ls_pb_Supporting_Justice_III_final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the fourth in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/probono_public_service/ls_pb_supporting_justice_iv_final.pdf|title=Supporting Justice: A Report on the Pro Bono Work of America's Lawyers (April 2018)}}</ref>

The ABA Standing Committee on Pro Bono and Public Service and its project, the Center for Pro Bono, are a national source of information, resources and assistance to support, facilitate, and expand the delivery of ''pro bono'' legal help.<ref name="ABA.1">{{cite web |url= http://www.americanbar.org/groups/probono_public_service.html |title=Standing Committee / Pro Bono and Public Service |work= americanbar.org |publisher=[[American Bar Association]] |location=Chicago, IL, USA |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> The ABA Standing Committee also sponsors Pro Bono Week during the week of 23–29 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.americanbar.org/abanet/media/release/news_release.cfm?releaseid=691 |title=ABA Recognizes Pro Bono Work by Lawyers in First National Celebration - News Release |publisher=Apps.americanbar.org |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=16 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015070912/http://apps.americanbar.org/abanet/media/release/news_release.cfm?releaseid=691 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Para |first=Kathy |url=http://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/showstory.php?Story_id=529116 |title=Peyton proclaims 'Celebrate Pro Bono Week' |publisher=Jaxdailyrecord.com |date=21 September 2009 |access-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> The ABA Standing Committee on Legal Assistance for Military Personnel and Section of Litigation jointly sponsor the ABA Military Pro Bono Project, which delivers ''pro bono'' legal assistance to enlisted, active-duty military personnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryprobono.org |title=Military Pro Bono Project |publisher=Militaryprobono.org |access-date=16 October 2012}}</ref>

In an October 2007 press conference reported in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]'', the law student group [[Building a Better Legal Profession]] released its first annual ranking of top [[law firm]]s by average billable hours, ''pro bono'' participation, and demographic diversity.<ref name="Efrati">{{citation |first=Amir |last=Efrati |title=You Say You Want a Big-Law Revolution, Take II |url=http://www.law.stanford.edu/news/you-say-you-want-a-big-law-revolution-take-ii |journal=Wall Street Journal |publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company]] (owned by [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]]) |location=New York, NY, USA |date=10 October 2007 |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-date=17 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123311/http://www.law.stanford.edu/news/you-say-you-want-a-big-law-revolution-take-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Adam Liptak">{{citation |first=Adam |last=Liptak |author-link=Adam Liptak |title=In Students' Eyes, Look-Alike Lawyers Don't Make the Grade |journal=[[New York Times]] |date=29 October 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/29/us/29bar.html?em&ex=1193889600&en=4b0cd84261ffe5b4&ei=5087%0A |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> The report found that most large firms fall short of their ''pro bono'' targets.<ref name="Adcock & Elinson">{{closed access}} {{citation |first1=Thomas |last1=Adcock |author-link1=Thomas Adcock |first2=Zusha |last2=Elinson |title=Student Group Grades Firms on Diversity, Pro Bono Work |journal=[[New York Law Journal]] |date=19 October 2007 |url=http://www.newyorklawjournal.com/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=900005493872 |access-date=15 October 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The group has sent the information to top law schools around the country, encouraging students to take this data into account when choosing where to work after graduation.<ref name="Weinstein">{{citation |first=Henry |last=Weinstein |title=Lack of diversity marks L.A. law - A survey finds an 'opportunity gap' for minorities and women at large firms in the area |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=11 October 2007 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-diversity11oct11,1,661263.story?coll=la-headlines-california |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422183624/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/11/local/me-diversity11 |archive-date=22 April 2009 |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref>

''[[The American Lawyer]]'' compiles, from among its 200 top-rated law firms, those that contributed the most ''pro bono'' hours of service during the previous calendar year, publishing the list annually.<ref>[https://abovethelaw.com/2021/08/the-biglaw-firms-where-lawyers-did-the-most-pro-bono-work-2020/ "The Biglaw Firms Where Lawyers Did The Most Pro Bono Work (2020)"] by Staci Zaretsky, ''Above The Law'',  August 19, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.law.com/americanlawyer/2021/06/28/the-2021-pro-bono-scorecard-national-rankings/ "The 2021 Pro Bono Scorecard: National Rankings"] ''The American Lawyer'', June 28, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</ref> In the United States, the Patent Pro Bono Program is a nationwide network of independently operated regional programs that matches volunteer patent professionals with financially under-resourced inventors and small businesses for the purpose of securing [[patent]] protection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patent Pro Bono Program for independent inventors and small businesses |url=https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/using-legal-services/pro-bono/patent-pro-bono-program |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.uspto.gov |language=en-US}}</ref>