Editing Prognosis (section)

==Methodology==
===Disease and prognostic indicators===
Prognostic scoring is also used for cancer outcome predictions. A [[Manchester score]] is an indicator of prognosis for small-cell lung cancer. For [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], physicians have developed the [[International Prognostic Index]] to predict patient outcome.

Other medical areas where prognostic indicators are used is in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) ([[Hy's law]]) and use of an [[exercise stress test]] as a prognostic indicator after [[myocardial infarction]], also used to indicate [[multiple myeloma]] survival rate.<ref name="Multiple Myeloma Prognosis">{{cite web|title=Multiple Myeloma Prognosis|url=http://www.themmrf.org/multiple-myeloma/prognosis/|website=Multiple Myeloma Prognosis}}</ref>

===End of life===
Studies have found that most doctors are overly optimistic when making a prognosis; they tend to overstate how long a patient might live. For patients who are critically ill, particularly those in an [[intensive care unit]], there are numerical prognostic scoring systems that are more accurate. The most famous of these is the [[APACHE II]] scale, which is most accurate when applied in the seven days prior to a patient's predicted death.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tian |first1=Yao |last2=Yao |first2=Yang |last3=Zhou |first3=Jing |last4=Diao |first4=Xin |last5=Chen |first5=Hui |last6=Cai |first6=Kaixia |last7=Ma |first7=Xuan |last8=Wang |first8=Shengyu |date=2021 |title=Dynamic APACHE II Score to Predict the Outcome of Intensive Care Unit Patients |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |volume=8 |pages=744907 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.744907 |issn=2296-858X |pmc=8826444 |pmid=35155461 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Knowing the prognosis helps determine whether it makes more sense to attempt certain treatments or to withhold them, and thus plays an important role in end-of-life decisions and [[Advance care planning|advanced care planning]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Peter|last2=Daly|first2=Jeanette M.|last3=Berry-Stoelzle|first3=Maresi A.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Megan E.|last5=Michaels|first5=LeAnn C.|last6=Dorr|first6=David A.|last7=Levy|first7=Barcey T.|date=March 2020|title=Prognostic Indices for Advance Care Planning in Primary Care: A Scoping Review|journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine|language=en|volume=33|issue=2|pages=322–338|doi=10.3122/jabfm.2020.02.190173|issn=1557-2625|pmc=7772823|pmid=32179616}}</ref>