Editing Programmed cell death (section)

==History==
The concept of "programmed cell-death" was used by [[Richard A. Lockshin|Lockshin]] & Williams<ref name="insect">
{{cite journal
 |vauthors=Lockshin RA, Williams CM |year=1964
 |title=Programmed cell death—II. Endocrine potentiation of the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths
 |journal=Journal of Insect Physiology
 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=643–649
 |doi=10.1016/0022-1910(64)90034-4
|bibcode=1964JInsP..10..643L
 }}</ref> in 1964 in relation to [[insect]] tissue development, around eight years before "apoptosis" was coined. The term PCD has, however, been a source of confusion and Durand and Ramsey<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Durand and Ramsey|first=Pierre M. and Grant|date=2019|title=The nature of programmed cell death|journal=Biological Theory|volume=14|pages=30–41|doi=10.1007/s13752-018-0311-0|s2cid=91622808|url=http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/15344/1/PCD_Preprint.pdf}}</ref> have developed the concept by providing mechanistic and evolutionary definitions. PCD has become the general terms that refers to all the different types of cell death that have a genetic component.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

The first insight into the mechanism came from studying [[BCL2]], the product of a putative [[oncogene]] activated by [[chromosome]] [[Chromosomal translocation|translocation]]s often found in follicular [[lymphoma]]. Unlike other cancer genes, which promote [[cancer]] by stimulating cell proliferation, BCL2 promoted cancer by stopping lymphoma cells from being able to kill themselves.<ref name="pmid3262202">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaux DL, Cory S, Adams JM | title = Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells | journal = Nature | volume = 335 | issue = 6189 | pages = 440–2 |date=September 1988 | pmid = 3262202 | doi = 10.1038/335440a0 | bibcode = 1988Natur.335..440V | s2cid = 23593952 }}</ref>

PCD has been the subject of increasing attention and research efforts. This trend has been highlighted with the award of the 2002 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] to [[Sydney Brenner]] ([[United Kingdom]]), [[H. Robert Horvitz]] (US) and [[John E. Sulston]] (UK).<ref>
{{cite web
 |title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
 |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html
 |publisher = [[The Nobel Foundation]]
 |year = 2002
 |access-date = 2009-06-21
}}</ref>