Editing Progressive metal (section)

==History==
Progressive metal, as a distinct musical style, was primarily advanced by members of the American heavy metal scene of the mid-1980s, particularly [[Queensrÿche]], [[Savatage]], [[Fates Warning]], [[Watchtower (band)|Watchtower]] and then later on, [[Dream Theater]] and [[Symphony X]]. It has since developed in a non-linear fashion, with countless groups demonstrating innovations in personal ways.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/10-essential-progressive-metal-albums |title=10 essential progressive metal albums |last=Wilson |first=Rich |date=March 10, 2020 |website=Loudersound.com |accessdate=June 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://loudwire.com/roots-of-progressive-metal-11-songs/ |title=The Roots of Progressive Metal in 11 Songs |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |date=June 6, 2018 |website=Loudwire.com |access-date=June 6, 2021}}</ref>

The origins of the genre date back to the very beginning of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]/[[hard rock]] and [[progressive rock]] when some bands began to merge the two different approaches. 1960s pioneers [[King Crimson]] maintained their musical innovation while incorporating a harder approach, using dissonance and experimental tones, yet still maintaining a relationship to the power chords of hard rock, with the main example being "[[21st Century Schizoid Man]]".{{sfn|pages=1-8|Wagner|2010}} Canadian trio [[Rush (band)|Rush]] are widely recognized as bridging the gap between hard rock, English progressive rock, and pure heavy metal. Initially influenced by [[Led Zeppelin]], they evolved to combine established progressive rock technique with blues-based power chords. Records such as ''[[2112 (album)|2112]]'' (1976) showcased technical expertise and complex compositional skill while still utilizing a more direct and heavier approach than the well-established English progressive rock sound.{{sfn|pages=21-31|Wagner|2010}}[[File:Dream Theater (23-07-2015).jpg|thumb|Dream Theater live in 2015]]

1984 brought full-length debut albums from American bands [[Queensrÿche]]{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=47–54}} from Washington state, and [[Fates Warning]]{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=55–63}} from Connecticut. Both expanded their music to include more progressive elements (''[[The Warning (Queensrÿche album)|The Warning]],'' 1984; ''[[The Spectre Within]],'' 1985) – some through sound experimentation and compositional refinement, others through extremely complex structures and atypical riffs – up to the two seminal works in 1986: ''[[Rage for Order]]'' and ''[[Awaken the Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Awaken The Guardian Retrospective|url=https://powerofprog.com/fates-warning-awaken-the-guardian-30th-anniversary-retrospective/|website=Power of Prog|date=April 16, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=10 Essential Progressive Metal Albums|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-10-23/10-essential-progressive-metal-albums|website=teamrock|date=March 10, 2020 }}</ref> In the following years the two bands, while following different paths – more basic and simple the first, more articulate and complex the latter — explore and expand the technical refinement and sonic finesse of their music, continuing to lay the foundations of the genre with important works such as ''[[Operation: Mindcrime]]'' (1988) by Queensrÿche,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-12-12-9104210845-story.html|title=METAL GETS MENTAL|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=November 18, 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Perfect Symmetry (Fates Warning album)|Perfect Symmetry]]'' (1989) by Fates Warning.<ref>Spencer, Trey (June 30, 2008). [https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/26145/Fates-Warning-Perfect-Symmetry/ "Review: Fates Warning - Perfect Symmetry"]. [[Sputnikmusic]]. Retrieved March 20, 2015.</ref>
Progressive metal also found a home in the growing U.S. thrash metal movement, influencing popular heavy metal bands like [[Megadeth]], with their acclaimed album ''[[Rust in Peace]]'' (1990), together with [[Metallica]] and their famous album ''[[...And Justice for All (album)|...And Justice for All]]'' (1988).{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=40–44}} Among the other pioneering thrash metal bands, one of the most important is Canada's [[Voivod (band)|Voivod]], with their complex and experimental style, full of psychedelic dissonances (''[[Dimension Hatröss]],'' 1988; ''[[Nothingface (Voivod album)|Nothingface]],'' 1989).{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=103–129}} "Math-metal" pioneers Watchtower, from Texas, took the concept of time-changes to a new level, combining thrash metal, syncopation and prog in their albums ''[[Energetic Disassembly]]'' (1985){{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=69–72}} and ''[[Control and Resistance]]'' (1989), giving rise to an extremely technical approach based on the rhythmic deconstruction typical in [[jazz fusion]].{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=83–84}} This same direction in prog metal would be later integrated into [[death metal]] by bands such as [[Atheist (band)|Atheist]] (''[[Unquestionable Presence]],'' 1991),{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=160–169}} which would become known as [[technical death metal]] or [[progressive death metal]]. Bands which also explored fusion-inspired prog metal include most notably [[Death (metal band)|Death]] and [[Cynic (band)|Cynic]].{{sfn|Wagner|2010|p=117–120-140-205}}

The major US bands that contribute to further delineating and developing the genre are [[Psychotic Waltz]] and [[Dream Theater]]. The former, with an approach halfway in between Watchtower and Fates Warning, produced ''A Social Grace'' (1990), melding their signature sound with the psychedelic ''Into the Everflow'' (1992),{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=79–82}} while the latter explored the legacy of the bands that preceded them while advancing their personal style with ''[[When Dream and Day Unite]]'' (1989). Both albums focused on keyboards and band members' instrumental skills. As for Dream Theater, their efforts resulted in two fundamental albums, which helped institutionalize classic progressive metal — ''[[Images and Words]]'' (1992) and ''[[Awake (Dream Theater album)|Awake]]'' (1994).{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=91–107}}

Among European pioneers of the genre are Germany's [[Sieges Even]], who, starting out of technical thrash stylistically significant to Watchtower, explored the more technical and angular side of progressive metal with ''[[The Art of Navigating by the Stars]]'' (2005).{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=76–78}}[[File:Opeth 12 (21906436614).jpg|thumb|[[Opeth]] live in 2015|left]]Among the bands of the late 1990s who brought innovation to the genre are the Dutch [[Ayreon]] (a project by [[Arjen Anthony Lucassen]]) and Swedes [[Pain of Salvation]]. Ayreon focused on theatrical and melodramatic rock operas ''[[Into the Electric Castle]]'' (1998) and ''[[The Human Equation]]'' (2004), performed by many different members of prominent metal bands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/28381/Ayreon-Into-the-Electric-Castle/|title=Review: Ayreon - Into the Electric Castle|website=[[Sputnikmusic]]|access-date=November 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-100-greatest-prog-anthems-of-all-time|title=The 100 Greatest Prog Anthems Of All Time|date=March 26, 2018|website=Loudersound.com|access-date=November 18, 2021}}</ref> Pain of Salvation was always working towards a more or less unusual style, demonstrated by the eclecticism and anti-conformism found on ''[[One Hour by the Concrete Lake]]'' (1998), and ''[[BE (Pain of Salvation album)|BE]]'' (2004).{{sfn|Wagner|2010|pp=195–229}} Forerunners of a more experimental and alternative approach include [[Thought Industry]], as seen in their album ''[[Mods Carve the Pig: Assassins, Toads and God's Flesh]]'' (1993).<ref name="sputnik">{{cite web|last=Spencer|first=Trey|title=Thought Industry Mods Carve The Pig|url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/14302/Thought-Industry-Mods-Carve-The-Pig/|work=[[Sputnikmusic]]|access-date=December 31, 2013|date=November 20, 2007}}</ref>

Puerto Rican band [[Puya (band)|Puya]] rose to prominence in the late '90s with their innovative fusion of [[jazz]], [[Salsa music|salsa]], and progressive metal, evident on their 1999 album [[Fundamental (Puya album)|''Fundamental'']].<ref name="bouley">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fw0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12 |title=MCA's Puya Gets 'Fundamental' With Mix Of Rock, Salsa| author=Charles R. Bouley II | date= January 9, 1999 | publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=May 23, 2011 }}</ref>

Some of the first bands to pioneer the combination of progressive rock and extreme metal influences were [[Dan Swanö]]'s [[Edge of Sanity]], and [[Opeth]],{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} both bands hailing from Sweden. In particular, Edge of Sanity's ''[[Crimson (Edge of Sanity album)|Crimson]]'' (1996), a 40-minute concept album consisting of a single track, brought the band critical acclaim and was heralded as one of the first extreme-metal forays into a progressive rock-esque concept album,{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} featuring death-metal vocals and heavily distorted guitars, with guest vocals and lead guitar from Opeth's [[Mikael Åkerfeldt]]. Dan Swanö produced Opeth's first release, ''[[Orchid (album)|Orchid]]'' (1995), which was unique for its combination of [[death metal]] vocals and instrumentation, melodic guitar harmonies, and acoustic passages, but it wasn't until their hallmark record ''[[Blackwater Park (album)|Blackwater Park]]'' (2001) that they received critical acclaim. [[Steven Wilson]], progressive rock icon and frontman of [[Porcupine Tree]], was given a copy of Opeth's prior record ''[[Still Life (Opeth album)|Still Life]]'' (1999) from a friend, and, after listening, noted that the experimental music he had been after had drifted into [[extreme metal]]. Being mutual fans of each other's work, Steven ended up co-producing ''[[Blackwater Park (album)|Blackwater Park]]'' along with Opeth's frontman Mikael Åkerfeldt, and would go on to co-produce [[Deliverance (Opeth album)|''Deliverance'']] (2002) and [[Damnation (album)|''Damnation'']] (2003), together a would-be double album.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} Their next release, [[Ghost Reveries]], became an "instant classic," followed by [[Watershed (Opeth album)|Watershed]], their last "heavy" album, both of which have had significant influence on the progressive metal genre,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Böhmer |first=Dominik |date=December 8, 2018 |title=A SCENE IN RETROSPECT: Opeth - "Ghost Reveries" |url=https://everythingisnoise.net/features/a-scene-in-retrospect-opeth-ghost-reveries/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=Everything Is Noise |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kennelty |first=Greg |date=September 18, 2019 |title=OPETH Wrote And Deleted A Death Metal Record After Watershed |url=https://metalinjection.net/shocking-revelations/opeth-wrote-and-deleted-a-death-metal-record-after-watershed |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=Metal Injection |language=en-US}}</ref> along with other "extreme metal" bands like [[Meshuggah]]. This style of progressive metal is often referred to as "extreme progressive metal," or "extreme prog," for short.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shteamer |first=Hank |date=July 26, 2017 |title=Opeth's Mikael Akerfeldt: My 10 Favorite Metal Albums |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/opeths-mikael-akerfeldt-my-10-favorite-metal-albums-198740/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> Later bands who would play in this style are [[Ne Obliviscaris (band)|Ne Obliviscaris]], [[Disillusion (band)|Disillusion]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kennelty |first=Greg |date=July 11, 2019 |title=DISILLUSION Announces First New Album In 13 Years The Liberation |url=https://metalinjection.net/upcoming-releases/disillusion-announces-first-new-album-in-13-years-the-liberation |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=Metal Injection |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Chris |date=January 4, 2018 |title=Ne Obliviscaris Put Progress In Motion |url=https://www.invisibleoranges.com/ne-obliviscaris-tim-charles/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=Invisible Oranges - The Metal Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Porcupine Tree would later be influenced by this style, and in particular from Opeth, while Opeth would subsequently switch to a more traditional progressive metal/rock band, devoid of extreme metal elements.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Ino_Rock_Festival_-_Haken_(2).jpg|left|thumb|Haken live in 2014]]
[[Between the Buried and Me]], who started as a more straightforward [[metalcore]] band, also began to incorporate both progressive metal and death metal into their music on their 2003 album ''[[The Silent Circus]]'', a landmark album in the [[progressive metalcore]] genre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prog-sphere.com/specials/btbam-albums-ranked/|title=BETWEEN THE BURIED AND ME Albums Ranked|date=June 4, 2018|website=Prog-sphere.com|access-date=May 9, 2021|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518015055/http://www.prog-sphere.com/specials/btbam-albums-ranked/|url-status=dead}}</ref> They would later add avant-garde elements as well on releases such as ''[[The Great Misdirect]]'' (2009).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rockandrollglobe.com/experimental/greater-colorful-complexity-between-the-buried-and-mes-the-great-misdirect-turns-10/ | title=Greater Colorful Complexity: Between the Buried and Me's the Great Misdirect Turns 10 | date=December 3, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://propermusic.com/products/betweentheburiedandme-thegreatmisdirect?srsltid=AfmBOore49N790P0PNkurB7H9175hC6dcGs0jqR3yFu0nvWe15xybgHP | title=The Great Misdirect }}</ref>

In the 2010s, due to the rapid growth of [[djent]] led by bands such as [[Periphery (band)|Periphery]] and [[After the Burial]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2021 |title=What Is Djent Music? Explore the Heavy Metal Subgenre |url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-djent-music |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=MasterClass}}</ref> progressive metal saw an increased interest with a large number of newcomers to the genre. Some of the newer progressive metal bands that have gained popularity since the 2010s are [[Haken (band)|Haken]], [[Plini]], [[Vola (band)|Vola]], and [[Caligula's Horse]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Loudwire Staff|date=March 3, 2023 |title=10 Best New Prog Rock + Metal Bands Since 2010, Chosen By Haken's Ross Jennings |url=https://loudwire.com/best-new-prog-rock-metal-bands-since-2010-haken-ross-jennings/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=Loudwire |language=en}}</ref>