Editing Protected areas of Australia (section)

==Protected areas managed by the Australian government==
The following list shows only the Commonwealth and off-shore protected areas that are managed by the Australian government which represents a small portion of all protected areas located in Australia. Each state and territory is responsible for the management of the protected areas under its jurisdiction with exception to protected areas such as the [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park]] in the Northern Territory.  The majority of Australian protected areas are managed by the state and territory governments.

===National Parks===
The following protected areas which are designated as national parks are managed by the Australian government and in some instances in conjunction with indigenous land owners:<ref>{{cite web|title=National Parks|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=14 June 2015}}</ref>

* [[Booderee National Park|Booderee]] (owned by the [[Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community]] and co-managed)<ref name=boodcomm>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Booderee National Park|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks/booderee-national-park|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date= 5 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=boodparks>{{cite web | title=Our history | website=Parks Australia | url=https://parksaustralia.gov.au/booderee/discover/history/ | access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Christmas Island National Park|Christmas Island]]
* [[Kakadu National Park|Kakadu]]
* [[Norfolk Island National Park|Norfolk Island]]
* [[Pulu Keeling National Park|Pulu Keeling]]
* [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park|Uluru-Kata Tjuta]]

Australia's first national park - and the second in the world - is [[Royal National Park]] in New South Wales, established in 1879.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/history.html Australian Government: National Reserve System], retrieved 2009-09-22</ref>

===National Heritage List===
{{Main|Australian National Heritage List}}
The [[National Heritage List]] is a [[heritage register]], a list of [[National heritage site|national heritage places]] deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003.<ref name=nhl>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national-heritage-list|title=Australia's National Heritage List|website=Australian Government. Dept of Energy and the Environment|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to [[Indigenous Australians]]. Once on the National Heritage List the provisions of the ''[[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]]'' apply.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Section 324A|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/epabca1999588/s324a.html|publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute|access-date=28 June 2015}}</ref> Some of these also form part of the [[World Heritage Sites]] listed in a separate section below.

===Botanical Gardens===
* [[Australian National Botanic Gardens|Australian National]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Australian National Botanic Gardens|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks/australian-national-botanic-gardens|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=14 June 2015}}</ref>
* [[Booderee National Park and Botanic Gardens|Booderee]] (owned by the [[Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community]] and co-managed)<ref name=boodcomm/><ref name=boodparks/>
* [[Norfolk Island National Park|Norfolk Island]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Norfolk Island Botanic Garden|url=http://www.parksaustralia.gov.au/norfolk/people-place/botanic-garden.html|publisher=Parks Australia|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>

===Antarctic Specially Protected Areas===
{{further|Antarctic Specially Protected Areas}}
As of 2014 there are 12 Antarctic Specially Protected Areas<ref name=CAPAD2014COM>{{cite web|title=CAPAD 2014 Commonwealth Summary|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/d00ca066-1c8c-412a-9e16-2a37647454a7/files/capad2014com.xlsx|publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Environment|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
* [[Amanda Bay Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Amanda Bay]]
* [[Ardery Island and Odbert Island Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Ardery Island and Odbert Island]]
* [[Clark Peninsula Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Clark Peninsula]]
* [[Frazier Islands Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Frazier Islands]]
* [[Hawker Island Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Hawker Island]]
* [[Marine Plain Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Marine Plain]]
* [[Mawson's Huts Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Mawson's Huts]]
* [[North-eastern Bailey Peninsula Antarctic Specially Protected Area|North-eastern Bailey Peninsula]]
* [[Rookery Islands Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Rookery Islands]]
* [[Scullin and Murray Monoliths Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Scullin and Murray Monoliths]]
* [[Stornes Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Stornes]]
* [[Taylor Rookery Antarctic Specially Protected Area|Taylor Rookery]]

===Antarctic Specially Managed Areas===
{{further|Antarctic Specially Managed Area}}
As of 2014 there is 1 Antarctic Specially Managed Area<ref name=CAPAD2014COM/>
* [[Larsemann Hills Antarctic Specially Managed Area|Larsemann Hills]]

===Commonwealth Marine reserves===
{{main|Commonwealth marine reserves}}

The Australian Government manages an estate of [[marine protected area]]s  known as Commonwealth marine reserves (CMR) which was established under the ''[[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]]'' (EPBC Act). These marine reserves are in Australian waters, but not [[States and territories of Australia|state or territory]] waters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth marine reserves|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (Commonwealth Marine Reserves) Proclamation 2012 - F2012L02188|url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2012L02188|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia, Comlaw|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> A majority of the reserves are not in effect until new managements plans are released following a review of reserves established in 2012.<ref name=GovReview>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereservesreview/about |title=About the Commonwealth Marine Reserves Review |website=environment.gov.au |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=ABCReview>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-06/amcs-slams-reduction-in-coral-sea-marine-protection/7819256 |title=Conservationists critical of plan to reduce Coral Sea marine park protection |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |website=abc.net.au |first=Stephanie |last=Smail |date=6 September 2016 |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref>

In addition to the Coral Sea CMR<ref>{{cite web|title=Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/coral-sea|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands CMR,<ref>{{cite web|title=Marine reserve|url=http://heardisland.antarctica.gov.au/protection-and-management/marine-reserve|publisher=Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> there are a further 57 Commonwealth marine reserves grouped into 5 geographical regions called ''Commonwealth marine reserve networks'':

* North network (8 reserves)<ref>{{cite web|title=North Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/north|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>
* North-west network (13 reserves)<ref>{{cite web|title=North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/north-west|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>
* Temperate East network (8 reserves)<ref>{{cite web|title=Temperate East Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/temperate-east|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>
* South-east network (14 reserves)<ref>{{cite web|title=South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/south-east|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>
* South-west network (14 reserves)<ref>{{cite web|title=South-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/south-west|publisher=Parks Australia, Department of the Environment|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>

===Calperum and Taylorville Stations===
{{further|Calperum Station (reserve)|Taylorville Station (reserve)}}
Calperum and Taylorville Stations are [[pastoral lease]]s located next to each other near [[Renmark, South Australia|Renmark]] in [[South Australia]] and which were purchased for conservation purposes using both private and Australian government funds.  [[Calperum Station (reserve)|Calperum Station]] was purchased by the [[Chicago Zoological Society]] in 1993 while [[Taylorville Station (reserve)|Taylorville Station]] was purchased by the Australian Landscape Trust in 2000 with the ownership of both leases being deeded to the [[Director of National Parks]].  Both properties are managed by the Australian Landscape Trust.<ref>{{cite web|title=Calperum and Taylorville Stations|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/node/20941|publisher=Australian government, Department of the Environment|access-date=2 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Danggali Wilderness Protection Area and Conservation Park Management Plan 2011|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/826e8ae5-e7d4-40de-a324-9f8f00da4238/cons-gen-danggalimgmtplan.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment and Natural Resources|access-date=3 November 2014|page=2}}</ref>