Editing Protonation (section)

==Rates==
Protonations are often rapid, partly because of the high mobility of protons in many solvents. The [[reaction rate|rate]] of protonation is related to the [[acidity]] of the protonating species: protonation by [[weak acid]]s is slower than protonation of the same base by [[strong acid]]s. The rates of protonation and [[deprotonation]] can be especially slow when protonation induces significant structural changes.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kramarz|first1=K. W.|last2=Norton|first2=J. R.|title=Slow Proton Transfer Reactions in Organometallic and Bioinorganic Chemistry|journal=Progress in Inorganic Chemistry|year=1994|volume=42|pages=1–65|doi=10.1002/9780470166437.ch1|isbn=978-0-471-04693-6 }}</ref>

Enantioselective protonations are under kinetic control, are of considerable interest in [[organic synthesis]].  They are also relevant to various biological processes.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nchem.297 |title=Enantioselective protonation |date=2009 |last1=Mohr |first1=Justin T. |last2=Hong |first2=Allen Y. |last3=Stoltz |first3=Brian M. |journal=Nature Chemistry |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=359–369 |pmid=20428461 |pmc=2860147 }}</ref>