Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Puffinus
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Taxonomy== The [[genus]] ''Puffinus'' was introduced by the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] in 1760 with the [[Manx shearwater]] (''Puffinus puffinus'') as the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés | language=fr, la | at=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010456 Vol. 1, p. 56], [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36210979 Vol. 6, pp. 129-130] | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=89 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108729 }}</ref> Traditionally, ''Puffinus'' has been grouped with the ''Procellaria'' and ''Calonectris'' shearwaters. However, more recent results<ref name=Austin1996/><ref name=Heidrich/><ref name=Austin2004/> have determined that the genus is apparently [[paraphyletic]] and while in part very close to ''Calonectris'', forms a [[clade]] with the genera ''[[Pseudobulweria]]'' and ''[[Lugensa]]'', which were formerly presumed to be [[gadfly petrel]]s, and can be divided in what has been called the "Puffinus" and the "Neonectris" group after notable species; the latter has been separated as a distinct genus named ''[[Ardenna]]''.<ref name=Penhallurick/><ref>{{ cite web | last=Remsen | first=J.V. | title=Proposal (647) to South American Classification Committee: Split ''Ardenna'' from ''Puffinus'' | publisher=South American Classification Committee | date=September 2014 | url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop647.htm | access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref> The former is taxonomically confusing, with species having been [[Lumpers and splitters|split and remerged]] in the last years.<ref name=Heidrich/><ref name=Austin2004/> ''Puffinus'' is a [[Neo-Latin]] [[loanword]] based on the English "puffin". The original [[Latin]] term for shearwaters was usually the catchall name for sea-birds, ''[[mergus]]''.<ref name=Thompson/> "Puffin" and its variants, such as poffin, pophyn and puffing,<ref name = oedpuffin>{{cite web| title=Puffin | work= Oxford English Dictionary| url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/154193?rskey=GJrKv4&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid | publisher=Oxford University Press | access-date = 14 December 2014 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> referred to the cured carcass of the fat nestling of the shearwater, a former delicacy.<ref name= job90>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 |page = 323}}</ref> The original usage dates from at least 1337, but from as early as 1678 the term gradually came to be used for another, unrelated, seabird, the [[Atlantic puffin]], an [[auk]].<ref name = oedpuffin/> The current English name was first recorded in 1835 and refers to the former nesting of this species on the [[Isle of Man]].<ref name = oedmanx>{{cite web| title= Manx| work= Oxford English Dictionary| url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113817?redirectedFrom=manx#eid | publisher=Oxford University Press | access-date = 14 December 2014 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> ===Extant species=== The genus ''Puffinus'' contains the following 21 species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2021 | title=Petrels, albatrosses | work=IOC World Bird List Version 11.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/petrels/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 December 2021 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution |- |[[File:Puffinus nat.JPG|120px]] ||''Puffinus nativitatis''|| [[Christmas shearwater]] || tropical Central Pacific. |- |[[File:Manx Shearwater.JPG|120px]] ||''Puffinus puffinus''|| [[Manx shearwater]]|| north Atlantic Ocean in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, France, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira |- |[[File:Ma - Puffinus yelkouan.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus yelkouan''|| [[Yelkouan shearwater]]|| eastern and central Mediterranean. |- |[[File:Puffinus mauretanicus.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus mauretanicus''|| [[Balearic shearwater]]||Morocco and Algeria |- |||''Puffinus bryani''|| [[Bryan's shearwater]] ||Hawaiian Islands |- |[[File:Black-vented Shearwater, Cabo San Lucas harbor, Baja California del Sur, Mexico, 25 February 2014 (12921391404).jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus opisthomelas''|| [[Black-vented shearwater]] || Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California |- | || ''Puffinus auricularis''|| [[Townsend's shearwater]]||Cerro Evermann on Isla Socorro in the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, though formerly present on Clarion Island and San Benedicto. |- |[[File:NEWELL'S SHEARWATER (4-27-2018) holo-holo boat, coast and lehua island, out of port allen, kauai co, hawaii - (2) (41352713635).jpg|120px]] || ''Puffinus newelli''|| [[Newell's shearwater]]|| Hawaiian Islands |- | ||''Puffinus myrtae''|| [[Rapa shearwater]] || islets of Rapa in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia |- |[[File:Puffinus gavia - SE Tasmania.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus gavia''|| [[Fluttering shearwater]] || New Zealand and migrates to Australia and the Solomon Islands. |- |[[File:Hutton's shearwater (DOC).jpeg|120px]] ||''Puffinus huttoni''|| [[Hutton's shearwater]] ||New Zealand |- |[[File:Audobon's Shearwater.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus lherminieri''|| [[Sargasso shearwater]]|| The Caribbean and parts of the western Atlantic. |- | ||''Puffinus persicus''|| [[Persian shearwater]] ||southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Somali coast across the south of the Arabian Peninsula to the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan and western India |- |[[File:Pétrel de Barau .jpg|120px]] || ''Puffinus bailloni''|| [[Tropical shearwater]] or Baillon's shearwater|| eastern Indo-Pacific; western Indian Ocean |- |[[File:Puffinus subalaris.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus subalaris''||| [[Galápagos shearwater]]||Galápagos Islands |- | ||''Puffinus bannermani''|| [[Bannerman's shearwater]] || Volcano Islands in the Ogasawara Group to the southwest of Japan |- | ||''Puffinus heinrothi''|| [[Heinroth's shearwater]] ||the Bismarck Archipelago and northern Solomon Islands |- |[[File:Barolo Shearwater.jpg|120px]] ||''Puffinus assimilis''|| [[Little shearwater]]|| Australia & New Zealand |- | ||''Puffinus elegans''|| [[Subantarctic shearwater]] || Tristan da Cunha, islands of the southern Indian Ocean and New Zealand Subantarctic Islands |- | ||''Puffinus baroli''|| [[Barolo shearwater]] ||Azores and Canaries |- |||''Puffinus boydi''|| [[Boyd's shearwater]]||Cape Verde |- |} ===Phylogeny=== Phylogeny of the genus based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022. Only 14 of the 21 recognised species were included.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ferrer Obiol | first1=J. | last2=James | first2=H.F. | last3=Chesser | first3=R.T. | last4=Bretagnolle | first4=V. | last5=González-Solís | first5=J. | last6=Rozas | first6=J. | last7=Welch | first7=A.J. | last8=Riutort | first8=M. | date=2022 | title=Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds | journal=Journal of Biogeography | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=171–188 | doi=10.1111/jbi.14291 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2022JBiog..49..171F | hdl=2445/193747 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> {{Clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%;width:500px; |label1=''Puffinus'' |1={{clade |1=[[Christmas shearwater]], ''Puffinus nativitatis'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Fluttering shearwater]], ''Puffinus gavia'' |2=[[Hutton's shearwater]], ''Puffinus huttoni'' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Sargasso shearwater]], ''Puffinus lhermineri'' |2={{clade |1=[[Barolo shearwater]], ''Puffinus baroli'' |2=[[Boyd's shearwater]], ''Puffinus boydi'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Manx shearwater]], ''Puffinus puffinus'' |2={{clade |1=[[Balearic shearwater]], ''Puffinus mauretanicus'' |2=[[Yelkouan shearwater]], ''Puffinus yelkouan'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Little shearwater]], ''Puffinus assimilis'' |2=[[Subantarctic shearwater]], ''Puffinus elegans'' }} |2={{clade |1=[[Tropical shearwater]], ''Puffinus bailloni'' |2={{clade |1=[[Black-vented shearwater]], ''Puffinus opisthomels'' |2=[[Newell's shearwater]], ''Puffinus newelli'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ===Fossil record=== [[File:Puffinus.png|thumb|Comparison between ''P. olsoni'' and ''P. puffinus'']] Several [[fossil]] species which became extinct long ago are also known. The proportion of larger ("Neonectris") species apparently was larger before the [[Pliocene]], i.e. before [[marine mammals]] diversified: * "Puffinus" group ** Menorcan shearwater, ''Puffinus'' sp. ([[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistoric]]) – possibly extirpated population of extant species; tentatively placed in this group<!-- AnuOrnitolBalears16:3 --> ** [[Dune shearwater]] or Hole's shearwater, ''Puffinus holeae'' ([[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistoric]])<!-- Ardeola51:91; ColoquPaleontol1:627; Ibis144:153 --> ** [[Lava shearwater]] or Olson's shearwater, ''Puffinus olsoni'' ([[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistoric]]) – tentatively placed in this group<!-- ColoquPaleontol1:627; Ibis144:153 --> ** [[Bermuda shearwater]], ''Puffinus parvus'' ([[extinct]]) – tentatively placed in this group; possibly synonymous with ''[[Audubon's shearwater|P. lherminieri]]''<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Sangster, G.|author2=Robb, M.S.|author3=Mackin, W.A.|author4=Bolton, M.|year=2024|title=Vocalizations and species limits in the North Atlantic clade of small shearwaters (Procellariiformes: ''Puffinus'')|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=143 |issue=3 |at=blae008|doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blae008}}</ref> ** [[Scarlett's shearwater]], ''Puffinus spelaeus'' ([[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|prehistoric]])<!-- *Emu94:201 --> ** ''Puffinus tedfordi'' (Pleistocene of western North America) ** ''[[Puffinus nestori]]'' (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Ibiza)<!-- AnuOrnitolBalears16:3; Ardeola51:91; BiochemSystEcol26:145; ColoquPaleontol1:627; *Endins14:95; Palaeontology44:933 --> * "Neonectris" group ** ''Puffinus'' sp. 1 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, US) ** ''Puffinus'' sp. 2 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, US) * Unassigned:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tennyson |first1=A. J. D. |last2=Salvador |first2=R. B. |last3=Tomotani |first3=B. M. |last4=Marx |first4=F. G. |title=A New Diving Pliocene ''Ardenna'' Shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand |year=2024 |journal=Taxonomy |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=237–249 |doi=10.3390/taxonomy4020012 |doi-access=free |hdl=10037/33366 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ** ''?Puffinus raemdonckii'' (Early Oligocene of Belgium) – formerly in ''[[Larus]]''<!-- JSystPaleontol5:1. --> ** ''Puffinus micraulax'' (Early Miocene of C Florida, US) – probably "Puffinus" group ** ''Puffinus'' sp. (Early Miocene of Calvert County, US)<ref name=Wetmore/> ** ''Puffinus'' sp. (Early Pliocene of South Africa)<ref name=Olson/> ** ''Puffinus felthami'' (Pleistocene of W North America) ** ''Puffinus kanakoffi'' (Pleistocene of W North America) ** ''"Puffinus" aquitanicus'' ** ''Puffinus antiquus'' ** ''Puffinus barnesi'' ** ''Puffinus calhouni'' ** ''Puffinus diatomicus'' ** ''Puffinus inceptor'' ** ''Puffinus mitchelli'' ** ''Puffinus priscus'' ''"Puffinus" arvernensis'' (Early Miocene of France) is now considered a primitive [[albatross]] of the fossil genus ''[[Plotornis]]''. Some other species like ''P. conradi'' and ''P. pacificoides'' have been reclassified as those of ''[[Ardenna]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tennyson |first1=Alan J.D. |last2=Mannering |first2=Al A. |date=January 2018 |title=A new species of Pliocene shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338491087 |journal=Tuhinga |volume=29 |pages=1–19}}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)