Editing Pyelonephritis (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
[[File:Pos-renal.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Diagram showing the typical location of pain<ref>{{cite web |title=Urinary Tract Infection Common Clinical and Laboratory Features of Acute Pyelonephritis |url=https://netterimages.com/common-clinical-and-laboratory-features-of-acute-pyelonephritis-labeled-smith-1e-gynecology-frank-h-netter-10773.html |website=netterimages.com |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>]]
Signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis generally develop rapidly over a few hours or a day. It can cause high fever, [[Dysuria|pain on passing urine]], and abdominal pain that radiates along the flank towards the back. There is often associated [[vomiting]].<ref name=Ramakrishnan2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC | title = Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 71 | issue = 5 | pages = 933–942 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15768623 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0301/p933.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514000413/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0301/p933.html | archive-date = 14 May 2013 }}</ref>

Chronic pyelonephritis causes persistent flank or abdominal pain, signs of infection (fever, [[Weight loss#Unintentional|unintentional weight loss]], [[malaise]], [[Anorexia (symptom)|decreased appetite]]), [[lower urinary tract symptoms]] and [[hematuria|blood in the urine]].<ref name=Korkes2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Korkes F, Favoretto RL, Bróglio M, Silva CA, Castro MG, Perez MD | title = Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: clinical experience with 41 cases | journal = Urology | volume = 71 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–180 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18308077 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2007.09.026 }}</ref> Chronic pyelonephritis can in addition cause [[fever of unknown origin]]. Furthermore, inflammation-related proteins can accumulate in organs and cause the condition [[AA amyloidosis]].<ref name=Herrera2007>{{cite book| vauthors = Herrera GA, Picken MM | veditors = Jennette JC, Olson JL, Schwartz MM, Silva FG |title=Heptinstall's Pathology of the Kidney|edition=6th|volume=2|chapter=Chapter 19: Renal Diseases|pages=853–910|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7817-4750-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWymx2hp1OoC&pg=PA886|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527061439/http://books.google.com/books?id=oWymx2hp1OoC&pg=PA886|archive-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

Physical examination may reveal fever and tenderness at the costovertebral angle on the affected side.<ref name=Weiss2007>{{cite book| vauthors = Weiss M, Liapis H, Tomaszewski JE, Arend LJ | veditors = Jennette JC, Olson JL, Schwartz MM, Silva FG |title= Heptinstall's Pathology of the Kidney|edition=6th|volume=2|chapter=Chapter 22: Pyelonephritis and other infections, reflux nephropathy, hydronephrosis, and nephrolithiasis|pages=991–1082|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7817-4750-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWymx2hp1OoC&pg=PA886}}</ref>