Editing Qashqai language (section)

== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
{|  class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+Consonants of Qashqai
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]/<br>[[Affricate]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t̪|t}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|q}}
|({{IPA link|ʔ}})
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d̪|d}}
|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
|{{IPA link|χ}}
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|rowspan="2"|{{IPA link|v}} ~<br>[{{IPA link|w}}]
|{{IPA link|z}}
|({{IPA link|ʒ}})
|
|{{IPA link|ʁ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|l}}
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|
|}

* Sounds /{{IPA link|ʒ}}/ and /{{IPA link|ʔ}}/ only occur as loan consonants from Persian and Arabic.
* Sounds /{{IPA link|p}}, {{IPA link|t̪|t}}, {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}, {{IPA link|k}}/ mainly occur phonemically before consonants, but may occur as aspirated before vowels or in word-final position as [{{IPA|pʰ tʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ}}].
* Sounds /{{IPA link|z}}, {{IPA link|ŋ}}, {{IPA link|ʁ}}/ never occur in word-initial position, except in a few loan words.
* [{{IPA link|w}}] only occurs as an intervocalic allophone of /{{IPA link|v}}/ when occurring between two rounded vowels. It may also occur in vowel diphthongs as [{{IPA|ow}}].
* /{{IPA link|ŋ}}/ and /{{IPA link|ɡ}}/ can occur phonemically as [{{IPA link|ɲ}}] and [{{IPA link|ɟ}}] when preceding front vowels.
* /{{IPA link|l}}/ may occur as two allophones; as [{{IPA|l̠ʲ}}] before front vowels, or as [{{IPA|ɫ}}] before back vowels.
* /{{IPA link|r}}/ can have two allophones; as [{{IPA link|ɾ}}] in word-initial and word-medial positions, or as [{{IPA link|r̥}}] in word-final positions. In native words, /{{IPA link|r}}/ rarely occurs word-initially.

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+Vowels of Qashqai
!
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|y}}
| {{IPA link|ɯ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|e}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|o}}
|-
| ({{IPA link|ɛ}})
| {{IPA link|œ}}
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|æ}}
|{{IPA link|ɑ}}
|({{IPA link|ɒ}})
|}

* Vowels /{{IPA link|y}}/ and /{{IPA link|œ}}/ are used rather infrequently.
* /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/ only occurs as a word-final variant of /{{IPA link|æ}}/.
*/{{IPA link|i}}/ is always realized in word-final position as [{{IPA link|ɪ}}].
* /{{IPA link|ɯ}}/ can be realized as [{{IPA link|ɨ}}] in non-initial positions.
* /{{IPA link|u}}/ mainly occurs as a centralized allophone [{{IPA link|ʉ}}] when preceding palatal consonants.
* Vowel /{{IPA link|ɑ}}/ is in free variation with its rounded equivalent /{{IPA link|ɒ}}/, when occurring in front syllables.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dolatkhah|first=Sohrab|title=Kashkai : langue turcique d'Iran|publisher=Independently Published|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Qashqai Turkic: A Comprehensive Corpus-based Grammar|last=Dolatkhah|first=Sohrab|publisher=Munich: LINCOM|year=2019}}</ref>