Editing Radiation hardening (section)

==Problems caused by radiation==
{{See also|Radiation damage}}

Environments with high levels of ionizing radiation create special design challenges. A single [[charged particle]] can knock thousands of [[electron]]s loose, causing [[electronic noise]] and [[signal spike]]s. In the case of [[digital circuit]]s, this can cause results which are inaccurate or unintelligible. This is a particularly serious problem in the design of [[satellite]]s, [[spacecraft]], future [[quantum computer]]s,<ref>{{cite news |title=Quantum computers may be destroyed by high-energy particles from space |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2252933-quantum-computers-may-be-destroyed-by-high-energy-particles-from-space/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cosmic rays may soon stymie quantum computing |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-08-cosmic-rays-stymie-quantum.html |access-date=7 September 2020 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vepsäläinen |first1=Antti P. |last2=Karamlou |first2=Amir H. |last3=Orrell |first3=John L. |last4=Dogra |first4=Akshunna S. |last5=Loer |first5=Ben |last6=Vasconcelos |first6=Francisca |last7=Kim |first7=David K. |last8=Melville |first8=Alexander J. |last9=Niedzielski |first9=Bethany M. |last10=Yoder |first10=Jonilyn L. |last11=Gustavsson |first11=Simon |last12=Formaggio |first12=Joseph A. |last13=VanDevender |first13=Brent A. |last14=Oliver |first14=William D. |title=Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence |journal=Nature |date=August 2020 |volume=584 |issue=7822 |pages=551–556 |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8 |pmid=32848227 |arxiv=2001.09190 |bibcode=2020Natur.584..551V |s2cid=210920566 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2619-8 |access-date=7 September 2020 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> [[military aircraft]], nuclear power stations, and [[nuclear weapon]]s. In order to ensure the proper operation of such systems, manufacturers of [[integrated circuit]]s and [[sensor]]s intended for the [[military]] or [[aerospace]] markets employ various methods of radiation hardening. The resulting systems are said to be '''rad(iation)-hardened''', '''rad-hard''', or (within context) '''hardened'''.