Editing Radioligand (section)

== History ==
[[File:Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen looking into an X-ray screen placed Wellcome L0027361.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Wilhelm Roentgen observing an X-ray]]
[[Wilhelm Röntgen|Wilhelm Roentgen]] is credited with the discovery of radioactivity in 1895 with many others such as [[Henri Becquerel|Antoine Henri Becquerel]], [[Pierre Curie]], and [[Marie Curie]] following closely behind to further advance the field of radioactivity.<ref>Obaldo JM, Hertz BE. The early years of nuclear medicine: A Retelling. Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol. 2021 Spring;9(2):207-219. doi: 10.22038/aojnmb.2021.55514.1385. PMID 34250151; PMCID: PMC8255519.</ref> [[John H. Lawrence|John Lawrence]], a physicist at [[University of California, Berkeley|The University of California Berkeley]], first used nuclear medicine in humans came in 1936 after extensive use of radioactive phosphorus in mouse models. Often called the father of nuclear medicine, Lawrence treated a leukemia patient with radiophosphorus, which was the first time a radioactive isotope has been used to treat human patients.<ref>Downer, J. B. (2000). Lawrence, John Hundale (1904-1991), pioneer in nuclear medicine. ''American National Biography Online''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1202060</nowiki></ref> Another pioneer in the field, Sam Seidlin, in partnership with [[Saul Hertz]], treated a case of thyroid cancer with radioactive iodine (I-131) 1946.<ref>SEIDLIN SM, MARINELLI LD, OSHRY E. RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY: Effect on Functioning Metastases of Adenocarcinoma of the Thyroid. ''JAMA.'' 1946;132(14):838–847. doi:10.1001/jama.1946.02870490016004</ref> In the 1950s, nuclear medicine began to gain traction as a medical specialty with the [[Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging|Society of Nuclear Medicine]] forming in 1954 and later releasing the first copy of the [[The Journal of Nuclear Medicine|Journal of Nuclear Medicine]] in 1960.<ref>Bylund, D. B., & Enna, S. (2018). Receptor binding assays and drug discovery. ''Advances in Pharmacology'', 21-34. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.007</nowiki></ref> The use of radioligands and nuclear tagging started to gain popularity in in the early 1960s when Elwood Jensen and Herbert Jacobsen (1962) and later Jack Gorksi, David Toft, G, Shymala, Donald Smith, and Angelo Notides (1968) attempted to identify the estrogen receptor.<ref>Gorski, J., Toft, D., Shyamala, G., Smith, D., & Notides, A. (1968). Hormone receptors: studies on the interaction of estrogen with the uterus. ''Recent Progress in Hormone Research (ed. EB Astwood)'', ''24'', 45-73.</ref> The American Medical Association (AMA) officially recognized Nuclear Medicine as a medical specialty in 1970 and the [[American Board of Nuclear Medicine]] was established in 1972. Progress came quickly in 1973 when Edward Hoffman, Michael M. Ter-Pogossian, and Michael E. Phelps invented the first PET camera for human use.<ref>US Department of Energy – Molecular Nuclear Medicine Legacy. History of PET and MRI. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.doemedicalsciences.org/historypetmri.shtml</nowiki>[Accessed 09/18/2024]</ref> The 1980s brought early radioligand studies for [[neuroendocrine tumor]]s (NETs) which continued into the early 2000s. In 2017 the European Union (EU) approved the use of radioligand therapy for NETs with the U.S. following close behind in 2018.<ref>National Cancer Institute. FDA Approves New Treatment for Certain Neuroendocrine Tumors. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/lutathera-fda-gastrointestinal-nets</nowiki> [Accessed 03/18/2024]</ref>