Editing Raman scattering (section)

== History ==
[[File:Raman-8.jpg|alt=First page to Molecular Diffraction of Light (1922)|thumb|217x217px|First page of ''Molecular Diffraction of Light'' (1922)]]
The elastic light scattering phenomena called Rayleigh scattering, in which light retains its energy, was described in the 19th century. The intensity of Rayleigh scattering is about 10<sup>−3</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup> compared to the intensity of the exciting source.<ref name="Keresztury">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy|last=Keresztury|first=Gábor| publisher=Wiley| year=2002|isbn=0471988472|volume=1| location=Chichester|chapter=Raman Spectroscopy: Theory}}</ref> In 1908, another form of elastic scattering, called [[Mie scattering]] was discovered.

The inelastic scattering of light was predicted by [[Adolf Smekal]] in 1923<ref name=smekal>{{Cite journal| first1 = A. | title = Zur Quantentheorie der Dispersion | journal = Naturwissenschaften| last1 = Smekal | volume = 11| issue = 43 | pages = 873–875 | year = 1923 | doi = 10.1007/BF01576902|bibcode = 1923NW.....11..873S | s2cid = 20086350 }}</ref> and in older German-language literature it has been referred to as the Smekal-Raman-Effekt.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Nature |title=A review of the 1931 book ''Der Smekal-Raman-Effekt'' |journal=Nature |volume=128 |issue=3242 |pages=1026 |date=19 December 1931 |doi=10.1038/1281026c0 |s2cid=4125108 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 1922, Indian physicist [[C. V. Raman]] published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light", the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that ultimately led to his discovery (on 16 February 1928) of the radiation effect that bears his name. The Raman effect was first reported by Raman and his coworker [[K. S. Krishnan]],<ref name="raman1928">{{cite journal|last=Raman|first=C. V.|year=1928|title=A new radiation|journal=Indian Journal of Physics |volume=2|pages=387–398|quote=Inaugural Address delivered to the South Indian Science Association on Friday, the 16th March, 1928|hdl=10821/377}}</ref> and independently by [[Grigory Landsberg]] and [[Leonid Mandelstam]], in [[Moscow]] on 21 February 1928 (5 days after Raman and Krishnan). In the former Soviet Union, Raman's contribution was always disputed; thus in Russian scientific literature the effect is usually referred to as "combination scattering" or "combinatory scattering". Raman received the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light.<ref>{{Cite journal| first1 = R. | title = C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman Effect | journal = Physics in Perspective| last1 = Singh | volume = 4| issue = 4 | pages = 399–420 | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1007/s000160200002|bibcode = 2002PhP.....4..399S| s2cid = 121785335 }}</ref>

In 1998 the Raman effect was designated a [[National Historic Chemical Landmarks|National Historic Chemical Landmark]] by the [[American Chemical Society]] in recognition of its significance as a tool for analyzing the composition of liquids, gases, and solids.<ref name="ACS Landmarks">{{cite web|title=C. V. Raman: The Raman Effect|url=http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect/index.htm|publisher=[[American Chemical Society]]|access-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112060216/http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect/index.htm|archive-date=12 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>