Editing Rank Xerox (section)

==History==
In 1956, [[The Rank Organisation]] was looking for a product to sit alongside a small business it had making camera lenses. Thomas Law, who was the head of the business, found his answer in a scientific magazine he picked up by chance. He read about an invention that could produce copies of documents as good as the original.<ref>Daily Telegraph, 7 June 1997.</ref> Law tracked down the backers, an obscure photographic-supply company in Rochester, New York, named Haloid.

Haloid and Rank subsequently formed an affiliate called '''Rank Xerox''' (Rank put up £600,000 for a 50% stake in Rank Xerox). This arrangement paved the way for Xerox factories in Great Britain and a sales and distribution system that brought Xerox machines to the European market. As photocopying took the world by storm, so did Rank's profits. According to Graham Dowson, later Rank's chief executive, it was "a stroke of luck that turned out to be a touch of genius … If Tom Law had not seen that magazine, we would not have known about xerography – or at least not before it was too late."<ref>Daily Telegraph, 13 January 1995.</ref> In 1962, Rank Xerox also formed a joint marketing and manufacturing facility in Japan with [[Fujifilm|The Fuji Photo Film Company]] and named Fuji Xerox (now [[Fujifilm Business Innovation]]).

In a speech in 1968, Rank Xerox managing director [[Nigel Foulkes]] said that in 1961 the company had had "a five-years' lead over the rest of the world", with copying products which had no serious competition. But "you cannot strike oil and not expect other prospectors to sink wells".<ref>"Competition — and what we are doing about it", [https://memoriesofrxmp.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Vision-050-Jul-Aug-1968.pdf Vision, July/August 1968], page 8, memoriesofrxmp.info, accessed 21 October 2023</ref>

In 1968, Rank Xerox, under Foulkes, initiated a marketing concept to sell rather than rent their copying machines behind the [[Iron Curtain]], by appointing Gordon S Planner as General Manager East Export Operations via a firm of head hunters.<ref>'Marketing' September 1970 page 50, item by Paul Zentner</ref> Sales of machines increased rapidly to Eastern Europe and a unique marketing concept deployed in 1973 using a specially built and equipped train showcasing Rank Xerox copiers, it toured nine countries in Eastern Europe covering 30,000 miles and returned orders of over £3m.<ref>'Financial Times' 5 January 1976. 'Capitalist Tools in the Communist Office' item by Roy Levine.</ref> Commissioning London based designer Cairnes Maltby, the latter came up firstly with a train unit comprising five carriages. These contained staff accommodations, a kitchen, overnight staff sleeping cabins and a demonstration salon and bar. Pulled by engines of the various countries of the Soviet Bloc, the train reached Russia and a welcome market. The following year Cairnes Design Associates produced the first of the Rank Xerox Showliners. A large, articulated, semi-trailer truck with motorised pull-outs, this allowed the road-legal trailer to extend to a fully functional showroom, complete with large picture windows and small kitchen. Unlike the train it was capable of reaching the small to medium size cities of the Soviet Bloc. Both train and truck avoided the problems that affected western firms trying to establish a presence in the East.

Later, in the UK, the mobile exhibition concept was taken to its ultimate conclusion. Following several truck based Showliners, a train and a converted bus, a huge mobile exhibition was conceived. This moved from town to town, like a circus, using sports halls and exhibition centres to present a vast, virtual, [[office of the future]]. Ralph Land CBE, was General Manager of Rank Xerox Eastern Europe Operations (1976–91).

During the 1980s the managing director Roland E. Magnin helped the company to become the international arm of Xerox Corporation. He then moved to the corporation's headquarters in Connecticut where he was responsible for the decentralization program of the company as one of its top directors.

The remaining 20% stake owned by the Rank Organization in Rank Xerox Limited was bought out by the parent Xerox Corporation for £940 million in 1997;<ref name="1997-10k">{{cite web |url=http://getfilings.com/o0000108772-98-000006.html |title=Form 10K filing for Xerox Corporation, Fiscal Year 1997 |publisher=[[Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=1998 |accessdate=4 October 2018}}</ref> the company was renamed '''Xerox Limited''' soon after. The Rank Xerox name was discontinued following the buyout in favour of Xerox, and the Rank Xerox Research Centre was renamed to the Xerox Research Centre Europe. The laboratory, based in France, was acquired by South Korean IT company [[Naver Corporation]] in 2017,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cho |first1=Mu-Hyun |title=Naver to buy Xerox's Europe AI research centre |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/naver-to-buy-xeroxs-europe-ai-research-centre/ |access-date=21 May 2023 |work=[[ZDNET]] |date=June 27, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> and later became Naver Labs Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnston |first1=Matt |title=UTS creates natural language tool to improve students' writing |url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/uts-creates-natural-language-tool-to-improve-students-writing-494057 |access-date=21 May 2023 |work=ITnews |publisher=Nextmedia |date=June 22, 2018 |language=en-AU |quote=AcaWriter figures these rhetorical moves through natural language processing, which is being developed as an adaptation of the Xerox Incremental Parser (XIP) designed by Naver Labs Europe (formerly the Xerox Research Centre Europe).}}</ref>