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Raymond Dart
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==Early life== Raymond Dart was born in [[Toowong]], a suburb of [[Brisbane, Queensland]], Australia, the fifth of nine children and son of a farmer and tradesman. His birth occurred during the [[1893 Brisbane flood|1893 flood]], which filled his parents' home and shop in Toowong. The family moved alternately between their country property near Laidley and their shop in Toowong.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Dart: scientist and man of grit|last=Wheelhouse|first=Frances and Smithford, Kathaleen|publisher=Transpareon Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0908021277|location=University of Queensland Library|pages=1β17}}</ref> The young Dart attended Toowong State School, Blenheim State School and earned a scholarship to [[Ipswich Grammar School]] from 1906 to 1909. Dart considered becoming a medical missionary to China and wished to study medicine at the University of Sydney, but his father argued that he should accept the scholarship he won to the newly established [[University of Queensland]] and study science.<ref name=":0" /> He was a member of the first intake of students to the university in 1911 and studied geology under H.C. [[Henry Caselli Richards|Richards]] and zoology, taking his BSc in 1913. Dart became the first student to graduate with honours from the University of Queensland in 1914<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Raymond Arthur Dart: a pictorial profile|last=Wheelhouse|first=Frances|publisher=Transpareon Press|year=1983|isbn=978-0908021048|location=University of Queensland Library|pages=24β27}}</ref> and took his MSc with honours from UQ in 1916.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Dart, Raymond Arthur (1893β1988)|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dart-raymond-arthur-12402|publisher = National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location = Canberra|first = Phillip V.|last = Tobias| chapter=Raymond Arthur Dart (1893β1988) }}</ref> He studied medicine at the [[University of Sydney]] taking his MB and M.Surgery in 1917, and conducting his residency at St Andrews College, University of Sydney.<ref name=":0" /> He was awarded his M.D. from the University of Sydney in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|title = Dart, Raymond Arthur - Faculty of Medicine Online Museum and Archive|url = https://sydney.edu.au/medicine/museum/mwmuseum/index.php/Dart,_Raymond_Arthur|website = sydney.edu.au|access-date = 26 January 2016}}</ref> Dart served as a captain and medic in the Australian Army in England and France during the last year of [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/23/obituaries/raymond-a-dart-is-dead-at-95-leader-in-study-of-human-origins.html|title=Raymond A. Dart Is Dead at 95; Leader in Study of Human Origins|first=John Noble|last=Wilford|website=The New York Times|date=23 November 1988 }}</ref> Following the war, he took up a position as a senior demonstrator at the [[University College, London]] in 1920 at the behest of [[Grafton Elliot Smith]], famed anatomist, anthropologist and fellow Australian.<ref>{{cite web|title = Biographies: Raymond Dart|url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/rdart.html|website = www.talkorigins.org|access-date = 26 January 2016}}</ref> This was followed by a year on a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] Fellowship at [[Washington University in St. Louis]].<ref name=":0" /> Returning to England and work at the [[University College London|University College, London]], he reluctantly took up the position of Professor at the newly established department of [[anatomy]] at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]] in [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] in 1922, after encouragement from Elliot Smith and Sir Arthur Keith.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The fossil chronicles|url = https://archive.org/details/fossilchronicles00falk|url-access = limited|last = Falk|first = Dean|publisher = University of California Press|year = 2011|isbn = 9780520266704|location = University of Queensland Library|pages = [https://archive.org/details/fossilchronicles00falk/page/n35 21]β22}}</ref> [[File:Smithsonian Institution Archives - SIA-SIA2008-0839.jpg|thumb|upright|Dart (left) and Joseph L. Shellshear, {{circa|1921}}]]
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