Editing Red-shanked douc (section)

==Geographic range and habitat==
The red-shanked douc is native to Indochina; Vietnam, southern Laos, and possibly northeastern Cambodia, east of the [[Mekong|Mekong river]].<ref name="Coudrat-2012" /> Before 1967, the douc was completely unstudied.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} It is the only douc species that inhabits all three countries of Indochina.<ref name="Anh-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Anh |first1=Nguyen Tuan |last2=Minh |first2=Le Duc |last3=Hung |first3=Pham Viet |last4=Duyen |first4=Vu Thi |date=13 September 2019 |title=Modeling the Red-shanked Douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) distribution in Vietnam using Maxent |url=https://js.vnu.edu.vn/EES/article/view/4390 |journal=VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |doi=10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4390 |s2cid=203896385 |issn=2588-1094|doi-access=free }}</ref> In Laos, red-shanked doucs occur from the southern Nam Ghong Provincial Protected Area to the central-north part of the country.<ref name="Coudrat-2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Coudrat |first1=Camille N. Z. |last2=Duckworth |first2=John W. |last3=Timmins |first3=Robert J. |date=October 2012 |title=Distribution and Conservation Status of the Red-Shanked Douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) in Lao PDR: An Update: Conservation of Pygathrix nemaeus in Laos |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajp.22027 |journal=American Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=74 |issue=10 |pages=874–889 |doi=10.1002/ajp.22027|pmid=22903749 |s2cid=1086411 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Laos is believed to have the largest population of red-shanked doucs, with [[Nakai-Nam Theun National Park|Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area]] in central Laos having the most individuals of approximately 4,420 groups, followed by the [[Hin Namno National Park|Hin Namno National Protected Area]].<ref name="Coudrat-2014">{{Cite journal |last1=Coudrat |first1=C. N. Z. |last2=Nanthavong |first2=C. |last3=Nekaris |first3=K. A. I. |date=October 2014 |title=Conservation of the red-shanked douc Pygathrix nemaeus in Lao People's Democratic Republic: density estimates based on distance sampling and habitat suitability modelling |journal=Oryx |language=en |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=540–547 |doi=10.1017/S0030605313000124 |s2cid=21689077 |issn=0030-6053|doi-access=free }}</ref> In Vietnam, the species lives between [[Nghệ An province|Nghệ An]] and [[Gia Lai province|Gia Lai]] provinces, from 18°29'N to 14°21'N.<ref name="Anh-2019" /><ref name="Lippold-2008">{{Cite journal |last1=Lippold |first1=Lois K. |last2=Thanh |first2=Vu Ngoc |date=November 2008 |title=The Time is Now: Survival of the Douc Langurs of Son Tra, Vietnam |journal=Primate Conservation |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=75–79 |doi=10.1896/052.023.0108 |s2cid=84442841 |issn=0898-6207|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Sơn Trà Nature Reserve on [[Sơn Trà Mountain]] in central Vietnam holds the greatest Vietnamese population with approximately 700–1300 individuals.<ref name="Van Minh">Van Minh, Nguyen. Conservation of the Red-Shanked Douc Langurs (Pygathix nemaeus) in Bach Ma National Park: An Update on Distribution and Population Size.</ref> The [[Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park]] is also an important Vietnamese site for the species.<ref name="Anh-2019" /> 

There was one observation of the red-shanked doucs in Cambodia by Rawson and Ross in 2008 in the Ratanakiri Province at the border of Vietnam.<ref name="Huy">Huy, Phong Nguyen-Phong. Primates (Red-shanked Douc Langur and Pygmy Slow Loris) Report.</ref> There was a report of a red-shanked douc specimen that was given to the [[Staatliches Museum Schwerin|Staatliches Museum]] by the Dresden Zoological Garden who had said that it originated in [[Hainan|Hainan, China]] but the zoo records no longer exist so it remains uncertain.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fooden |first1=Jack |last2=Feiler |first2=Alfred |date=June 1988 |title=Pygathrix nemaeus in Hainan? new evidence, no resolution |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02737404 |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=275–279 |doi=10.1007/bf02737404 |s2cid=9639471 |issn=0164-0291|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Red-shanked doucs are found in [[Evergreen forest|evergreen]], semi-evergreen and occasionally limestone forests, up to {{convert|1600|m}} in elevation.<ref name="Anh-2019"/> They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the forest canopy, including to sleep.<ref name="Huy"/> They occasionally get on the ground to drink water or eat dirt that contains minerals.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} According to an [[Ecological niche modelling|ecological niche model]], red-shanked doucs can live between approximately 14°N to 21°N.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bett |first1=Nolan N. |last2=Blair |first2=Mary E. |last3=Sterling |first3=Eleanor J. |date=August 2012 |title=Ecological Niche Conservatism in Doucs (Genus Pygathrix) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10764-012-9622-3 |journal=International Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=972–988 |doi=10.1007/s10764-012-9622-3 |s2cid=17954281 |issn=0164-0291|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Their [[home range]] is approximately {{convert|36|ha}} and they have a core area of {{convert|8|ha}}, with a smaller range in the [[dry season]] of {{convert|24|ha}} and a larger range in the [[wet season]] of {{convert|33|ha}}.{{clarify|reason=33 is not larger than 36 - what is intended here?|date=April 2022}}<ref name="Ray.-2013">{{Cite book |last=Ray. |first=Ulibarri, Larry |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/890512525 |title=The socioecology of red-shanked doucs (''Pygathrix nemaeus'') in Son Tra Nature Reserve, Vietnam. |date=2013 |isbn=978-1-303-64903-5 |oclc=890512525}}</ref> There are weak correlations between precipitation, temperature, and diet and home range but not enough to draw conclusions from them.<ref name="Ray.-2013" />