Editing Red wattlebird (section)

==Taxonomy==
The red wattlebird was first described as the wattled bee-eater by the Irish surgeon and naturalist [[John White (surgeon)|John White]] in his ''Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales'', which was published in 1790.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> He wrote that it was the "size of a [[Mistle thrush|missel thrush]], but much larger in proportion".{{sfn|White|1790|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47182685 144]}} The taxonomic descriptions in White's book are believed to have been written by the English naturalist [[George Shaw (biologist)|George Shaw]],{{sfn|White|1790|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47182825 240]}}<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Nelson | first=E. Charles | year=1998 | title=John White A.M., M.D., F.LS. (c. 1756–1832), Surgeon-General of New South Wales: a new biography of the messenger of the echidna and waratah | journal=Archives of Natural History | volume=25 | issue=2 | pages=149–211 | doi=10.3366/anh.1998.25.2.149 }}</ref> who is generally credited as the author by subsequent authorities.<ref name="AFD">{{cite web|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Anthochaera_%28Anthochaera%29_carunculata  |title=Subspecies ''Anthochaera (Anthochaera) carunculata carunculata'' (Shaw, 1790) |author=Australian Biological Resources Study|date=30 August 2011|work=Australian Faunal Directory|publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government|access-date=24 January 2017|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory}}</ref><ref name="ioclist">{{cite web |title=IOC World Bird List |version=7.1 |editor-last1=Gill |editor-first1=Frank |editor-last2=Donsker |editor-first2=David |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union |date=11 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/}}</ref> The [[specific epithet (zoology)|specific epithet]], ''carunculata'', was introduced later in the same year by [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]].{{sfn|Salomonsen|1967|pp=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482563 446–447]}}{{sfn|Latham|1790|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QV5UAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA276 276]}} The word is derived from ''caruncula'', Latin for 'a small piece of flesh'.{{sfn|Jobling|2010|p=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n92/mode/1up 92]}} Both Shaw and Latham assigned the red wattlebird to the genus ''[[Merops (genus)|Merops]]''. The species was moved to ''[[Anthochaera]]'' in 1827 by the naturalists [[Nicholas Aylward Vigors]] and [[Thomas Horsfield]].{{sfn|Vigors|Horsfield|1827|pp=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/778569 320–321]}}{{sfn|Salomonsen|1967|pp=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482561 444–445]}} The generic name derives from the Ancient Greek ''anthos'' 'flower, bloom' and ''khairō'' 'enjoy'.{{sfn|Jobling|2010|p=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n49/mode/1up 49]}}

Common names include gillbird,<ref name=gilbert23/> gilly warbler, barkingbird, muttonbird, butcherbird, what's o clock, and chock.{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=463}} Unlike many species in southwestern Australia, the red wattlebird was given names by the local indigenous people that were [[onomatopoeic]] (sounding like the calls they make). Names recorded include ''wodjalok'', ''durdal'', ''doongorok'', and ''djoongong'' (this last name is also applied to the [[western wattlebird]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Abbott | first=Ian | title=Aboriginal names of bird species in south-west Western Australia, with suggestions for their adoption into common usage |year= 2009 |journal= Conservation Science Western Australia Journal |volume= 7 |issue=2 |pages=213–78 [262] |url=http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/about/science/cswa/articles/14.pdf}}</ref> In the [[Eyre Peninsula]] in South Australia, the local [[Barngarla people]] knew it as ''ngarkarko'' or ''ngarkabukko''.<ref>{{cite book | page=45 | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000008917164&view=1up&seq=92 | title=A vocabulary of the Parnkalla language spoken by the natives inhabiting the western shores of Spencer's Gulf : to which is prefixed a collection of grammatical rules hitherto ascertained | last=Schürmann | first=Clamor Wilhelm | year=1844 | location=Adelaide, South Australia | publisher=George Dehane }}</ref> The local people of [[Denial Bay]] in South Australia called it ''noggal'',<ref>{{cite journal | last=Sullivan | first=Charles | year=1929 | url=http://www.birdssa.asn.au/images/saopdfs/Volume9/1928V09P164.pdf | title=Bird Notes from the West Coast | journal=South Australian Ornithologist | volume=9 | pages=164–69}}</ref> and the [[Ngarrindjeri]] people of the Lower Murray region in South Australia knew it as ''rungkan''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clarke|first=P.A.|date=2003|title=Twentieth Century Aboriginal Harvesting Practices in the Rural Landscape of the Lower Murray, South Australia|journal=Records of the South Australian Museum|volume=36|issue=1|pages=83–107|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276207140}}</ref>

There are three recognised [[subspecies]],<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Honeyeaters | work= World Bird List Version 5.4 | url= http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/honeyeaters/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| access-date= 26 December 2015 }}</ref> though there is a zone of intermediate birds across western [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and eastern [[South Australia]], bordered by western [[Port Phillip Bay]] to the east, [[Mount Lofty Ranges]] to the west, and [[Little Desert National Park|Little]] and [[Big Desert Wilderness Park|Big Desert]] national parks to the north.{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=478}} The differences in plumage are not generally prominent enough to be noticeable in the field.{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=463}}

* ''A. c. carunculata'' (Shaw, 1790) – found in southeast Australia, namely Victoria, eastern [[New South Wales]], and southeastern [[Queensland]].{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=478}} 
* ''A. c. clelandi'' ([[Gregory Mathews|Mathews]], 1923) – [[Kangaroo Island]] (South Australia). Of a similar size to the [[nominate subspecies]], it tends to have darker plumage, a longer bill, and shorter tarsus.{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=479}} 
* ''A. c. woodwardi'' Mathews, 1912 – southwest and south-central Australia, west of the Mount Lofty Ranges. This subspecies is a little smaller than the nominate subspecies and has shorter wings. Its plumage is similar, though the yellow patch on the belly is more prominent.{{sfn|Higgins|2001|p=478}}

Analysis of [[DNA]] showed that the closest relative of the red wattlebird is the [[yellow wattlebird]] of [[Tasmania]], the pair splitting from the ancestor of the [[regent honeyeater]]—their next closest relative.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Driskell | first1=Amy C.| last2=Christidis | first2=Les |author2-link=Leslie Christidis|year=2004|title=Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|pmid=15120392|volume=31|issue=3|pages=943–60|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.017| bibcode=2004MolPE..31..943D}}</ref> Honeyeaters are related to the [[Pardalotidae]] (pardalotes), [[Acanthizidae]] (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and [[Maluridae]] (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily [[Meliphagoidea]].<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Barker | first1=F. Keith | last2=Cibois | first2=Alice | last3=Schikler | first3=Peter | last4=Feinstein | first4=Julie | last5=Cracraft | first5=Joel |year=2004|title=Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=101|issue=30 |pages=11040–45|doi=10.1073/pnas.0401892101|pmid=15263073|pmc=503738| bibcode=2004PNAS..10111040B | doi-access=free }}</ref>