Editing Redpoll (section)

==Taxonomy==
The redpoll was listed in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' under the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Fringilla flammea''.<ref name=linnaeus>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=182 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727089 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jnr. | year=1968 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=251 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481452 }}</ref> The specific epithet ''flammea'' is [[Latin]] meaning "flame-coloured".<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=flammea | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=flammea | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=27 September 2024 }}</ref> Linnaeus also described the redpoll as ''Fringilla linaria'' on the same page, but the earlier name ''flammea'' has priority.<ref name=linnaeus/><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Lönnberg | first=Einar | date=1931 | title=Olof Rudbeck, Jr., the first Swedish ornithologist | journal=Ibis | volume=73 | issue=2 | pages=302-307 | doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01519.x }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last=Knox | first=Alan | date=1988 | title=The taxonomy of redpolls | journal=Ardea | volume=76 | pages=1-26 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280315107 }}</ref>

The redpoll was previously placed in the genus ''[[Carduelis]]''. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that it formed a distinct [[Lineage (evolution)|lineage]], so it was moved to the resurrected genus ''Acanthis'' that had been introduced in 1797 by the German naturalist [[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Zuccon | first1=Dario  | last2=Prŷs-Jones | first2=Robert | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Pamela C. | last4=Ericson | first4=Per G.P. | year=2012 | title=The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=581–596 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 | url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | pmid=22023825| bibcode=2012MolPE..62..581Z }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Borkhausen | first=Moritz Balthasar | author-link=Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen | date=1797 | title=Deutsche Fauna, oder, Kurzgefasste Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil, Saugthiere und Vögel | language=German | location=Frankfurt am Mayn | publisher=Varrentrapp und Wenner | page=248 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38962756 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Finches, euphonias | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref> The genus name ''Acanthis'' is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''akanthis'', a name for a small now-unidentifiable bird.<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=Acanthis | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=Acanthis | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=27 September 2024 }}</ref>

Five subspecies are recognised:<ref name=ioc/>
* ''A. f. flammea'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) – north Europe, Siberia, Alaska and Canada
* ''A. f. rostrata'' ([[Elliott Coues|Coues]], 1861) – northeast Canada, Greenland and Iceland
* ''A. f. cabaret'' ([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Müller, PLS]], 1776) – temperate west, central west Palearctic lowland (montane in south) birch and larch woods: British Isles, southwest Scandinavia east to north Germany and south Poland; south to southeast France, Austria and Czech Republic
* ''A. f. exilipes'' (Coues, 1862) – low (locally high) Arctic tundra birch and willow of north Eurasia, north Alaska and northwest Canada
* ''A. f. hornemanni'' ([[Carl Peter Holbøll|Holbøll]], 1843) – low (locally high) Arctic tundra birch and willow of far northeast Canada and Greenland

The redpoll was formerly regarded as three separate species: the common redpoll with subspecies ''flammea'' and ''rostrata'', the lesser redpoll with subspecies ''cabaret'' and the arctic redpoll with subspecies ''hornemanni'' and ''exilipes''. The three species are now considered as [[conspecific]] based on the small genetic differences and the continuous phenotypic variation.<ref name=ioc/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Mason | first1=N.A. | last2=Taylor | first2=S.A. | date=2015 | title=Differentially expressed genes match bill morphology and plumage despite largely undifferentiated genomes in a Holarctic songbird | journal=Molecular Ecology | volume=24 | issue=12 | pages=3009-3025 | doi=10.1111/mec.13140 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Funk | first1=E.R. | last2=Mason | first2=N.A. | last3=Pálsson | first3=S. | last4=Albrecht | first4=T. | last5=Johnson | first5=J.A. | last6=Taylor | first6=S.A. | date=2021 | title=A supergene underlies linked variation in color and morphology in a Holarctic songbird | journal=Nature Communications | volume=12 | issue=1 | pages=6833 | doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27173-z | doi-access=free | pmc=8616904 }}</ref>