Editing Regime change (section)

== Types ==
===Internal regime change===
Regime change can be precipitated by revolution or a [[coup d'état]]. For example, the [[French Revolution]], the [[Russian Revolution]], and the [[Iranian Revolution]].

===Foreign-imposed regime change===
Foreign-imposed regime change is the deposing of a regime by a foreign state, which can be achieved through covert means or by direct military action. Interstate war can also culminate into a foreign-imposed regime change for the losers, as occurred for the [[Axis Powers]] in 1945.{{Additional citation needed|date=August 2023}} Foreign-imposed regime change is sometimes used by states as a foreign policy tool.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Peic|first=Goran|date=July 2011|title=Foreign-Imposed Regime Change, State Power and Civil War Onset, 1920-2004|journal=British Journal of Political Science|volume=41|issue=3|pages=453–475|doi=10.1017/s0007123410000426|s2cid=154222973}}</ref> According to a dataset by Alexander Downes, 120 leaders have been successfully removed through foreign-imposed regime change between 1816 and 2011.<ref name=":0" />

During the [[Cold War]], the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]] frequently intervened in elections and engaged in attempts at regime change, both covertly and overtly.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Levin|first=Dov H.|date=2019-01-01|title=Partisan electoral interventions by the great powers: Introducing the PEIG Dataset|journal=Conflict Management and Peace Science|language=en|volume=36|issue=1|pages=88–106|doi=10.1177/0738894216661190|s2cid=157114479|issn=0738-8942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Rourke|first=Lindsey A.|date=2019-11-29|title=The Strategic Logic of Covert Regime Change: US-Backed Regime Change Campaigns during the Cold War|journal=Security Studies|volume=29|pages=92–127|doi=10.1080/09636412.2020.1693620|s2cid=213588712|issn=0963-6412}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Levin|first=Dov H.|date=2016-06-01|title=When the Great Power Gets a Vote: The Effects of Great Power Electoral Interventions on Election Results|url=https://academic.oup.com/isq/article/60/2/189/1750842|journal=International Studies Quarterly|language=en|volume=60|issue=2|pages=189–202|doi=10.1093/isq/sqv016|issn=0020-8833|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="wapodov">Levin, Dov H. (7 September 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/07/sure-the-u-s-and-russia-often-meddle-in-foreign-elections-does-it-matter/?tid=a_inl "Sure, the U.S. and Russia often meddle in foreign elections. Does it matter?"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</ref> According to [[Michael Poznansky]], covert regime change became more common when non-intervention was codified into international law, leading states that wanted to engage in regime change to do so covertly and conceal their violations of international law.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poznansky |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXXnDwAAQBAJ |title=In the Shadow of International Law: Secrecy and Regime Change in the Postwar World |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-009661-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Modern examples of regime-change include the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001 invasion of Afghanistan]] and the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].

=== Regime promotion ===
According to [[John Owen IV]], there are four historical waves of forcible regime promotion:<ref>{{Cite book|last=IV|first=John M. Owen|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30639|title=The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510-2010|date=2010|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3676-5}}</ref>

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