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Relativistic Doppler effect
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== Summary of major results == In the following table, it is assumed that for <math>\beta = v/c > 0</math> the receiver <math> r </math> and the source <math> s </math> are moving away from each other, <math>v</math> being the relative velocity and <math>c</math> the speed of light, and <math display="inline">\gamma = 1/\sqrt{1 - \beta^2}</math>. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Scenario !! Formula !! Notes |- | [[#Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect|Relativistic longitudinal<br/>Doppler effect]] | <math>\frac{\lambda_r}{\lambda_s} = \frac{f_s}{f_r} = \sqrt{\frac{1 + \beta}{1 - \beta}}</math> | |- | [[#Source and receiver are at their points of closest approach|Transverse Doppler effect,<br/>geometric closest approach]] | <math>f_r = \gamma f_s</math> | Blueshift |- | [[#Receiver sees the source as being at its closest point|Transverse Doppler effect,<br/>visual closest approach]] | <math>f_r = \frac{f_s}{\gamma}</math> | Redshift |- | [[#One object in circular motion around the other|TDE, receiver in circular<br/>motion around source]] | <math>f_r = \gamma f_s</math> | Blueshift |- | [[#One object in circular motion around the other|TDE, source in circular<br/>motion around receiver]] | <math>f_r = \frac{f_s}{\gamma}</math> | Redshift |- |[[#Source and receiver both in circular motion around a common center|TDE, source and receiver<br/>in circular motion around<br/>common center]] |<math> \frac{f'}{f} = \left( \frac{c^2 - R^2 \omega ^2 }{ c^2 - R' ^2 \omega ^2 } \right) ^{1/2} </math> |No Doppler shift<br/>when <math>R = R'</math> |- | [[#Motion in an arbitrary direction|Motion in arbitrary direction<br/>measured in receiver frame]] | <math> f_r = \frac{f_s}{\gamma\left(1 + \beta \cos\theta_r\right)}</math> | |- | [[#Einstein Doppler shift equation|Motion in arbitrary direction<br/>measured in source frame]] | <math> f_r = \gamma \left( 1 - \beta \cos \theta_s \right) f_s</math> | |}
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