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Religious antisemitism
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==Origins== Father [[Edward Flannery]], in his 1965 book ''The Anguish of the Jew: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism'', traces the first clear examples of specific anti-Jewish sentiment back to [[Alexandria]] in the third century BCE. Flannery writes that it was the Jews' refusal to accept Greek religious and social standards that marked them out. Hecataetus of Abdera, a Greek historian of the early third century BCE, wrote that [[Moses]] "in remembrance of the [[The Exodus|exile]] of [[Israelites|his people]], instituted for them a [[Misanthropy|misanthropic]] and inhospitable way of life." [[Manetho]], an Egyptian historian, wrote that the Jews were expelled [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Leprosy|lepers]] who had been taught by [[Moses]] "not to adore the gods". The same themes appeared in the works of [[Chaeremon]], [[Lysimachus]], [[Poseidonius]], [[Apollonius Molon]], [[Apion]] and [[Tacitus]]. [[Agatharchides of Cnidus]] wrote about the "ridiculous practices" of the Jews and of the "absurdity of their Law", and how [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy Lagus]] was able to invade [[Jerusalem]] in 320 BCE because its inhabitants were observing the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]].<ref name=Flannery>Flannery, Edward H. ''The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism''. Paulist Press, first published in 1985; this edition 2004, pp. 11-12.</ref> [[David Nirenberg]] also charts this history in ''[[David Nirenberg#Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition|Antijudaism: The Western Tradition]]''.{{sfn|Nirenberg|2014|loc=Ch. 1, "The Ancient World: Egypt, Exodus, Empire"}}{{sfn|Nirenberg|2014|loc=Ch. 1, "The Ancient World: Egypt, Exodus, Empire"}}
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