Editing Repeating rifle (section)

== Early repeaters ==
A list of various repeating rifles up to the late 1800s.
* [[Kalthoff repeater]] (about 1630)
* [[Cookson repeater]] (about 1650)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O77720/flint-lock-magazine-cookson-john/|title=Flint-Lock Magazine Gun|website=Victoria & Albert Museum|year=1690 }}</ref>
* [[Chelembron system]] (1668)
* Lagatz Rifle: a modification of the Lorenzoni System, designed by [[Gdańsk|Danzig]] gunsmith Daniel Lagatz around the year 1700.<ref name="Westwood" />
* [[Puckle gun]] (1718)
* [[Harmonica gun]] (1742)
* [[Cookson repeater]] (1750)
* Fafting rifle: In 1774 a rifle was invented by a Norwegian colonel by the name of Fafting capable of firing 18 to 20 shots a minute and being used as an ordinary rifle by taking off a spring-loaded container attached to the gun's lock. It was also stated that the inventor was working on a gun capable of firing up to 30 times in a minute on more or less the same principles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsNFAAAAcAAJ&q=Fafting+1775+Fusil&pg=RA4-PA17|title = Journal politique, ou Gazette des gazettes: 1775,1/6|year = 1775}}</ref>
* The [[Belton flintlock]](<1777)
* [[Girardoni air rifle]] (1779)
* 1789 French rifle: In 1791 it was mentioned in a book published in France that there existed since at least 1789 a rifle that held 5 or 6 shots and was capable of being reloaded three times in a minute for a total of 15 or 18 shots a minute. A rifle similar in type to this was also stated to be kept at the {{lang|fr|[[Hôtel de la Guerre]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRhQTDm_gy0C&q=%22Coups+En+Une+Minute%22+Fusil&pg=PA61|title = Vie privée de Charles-Philippes de France, ci-devant comte d'Artois, frere du roi: Et sa correspondance avec ses complices|language=fr|year = 1791}}</ref>
* Church and Bartemy/Bartholomew gun: A repeating rifle designed by the Americans William Church and Chrostus Bartemy or Bartholomew in 1813 with three separate magazines for containing up to 42 charges of ammunition and capable of firing 25 shots a minute. It could be reloaded in one minute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5au3hnTc94C&q=William+Church+Chrostus+New+Gun&pg=PA87|title = The Weekly Register|year = 1813}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZiVEAAAAYAAJ&dq=Shots+In+A+Minute&pg=PA217|title = Rules and Regulations for Drill, Sabre Exercise ... And Field Movements of Cavalry|last1 = Hoyt|first1 = Epaphras|year = 1813}}</ref>
* Thomson rifle: A flintlock repeating rifle patented in 1814, using multiple breeches to obtain repeating fire.<ref name="bibliotecavirtualdefensa" />
* [[Collier's Flintlock Revolver|Collier's flintlock revolver]](1814)
* Leroy rifle: In 1815 (sometimes incorrectly dated as 1825) a French inventor called Julien Leroy patented a flintlock and percussion revolving rifle with a mechanically indexed cylinder and a priming magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gapQAAAAYAAJ&q=Quinze+Coups&pg=PA20|title = Description des machines et procédés spécifiés dans les brevets d'invention, de perfectionnement et d'importation dont la durée est expirée, et dans ceux dont la déchéance a été prononcée |volume=21 |issue=1793–1901|year = 1831}}</ref>
* Lepage guns: In 1819 a French gunsmith called Lepage invented and presented at the French industrial exposition of that year percussion 2-shot and 4-shot turn-over rifles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-ERSBaFz-wC&dq=Lepage+Quatre+Coups+1819&pg=PA192|title = Rapports du jury central, sur les produits de l'industrie française, admis aux expositions publiques de 1806, 1819, 1823, 1824, 1827, 1836|year = 1819}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU0PrmPy-ngC&dq=Lepage+fusil+tournant&pg=PA147|title = Encyclopédie Méthodique. Dictionnaire de l'Artillerie|last1 = Cotty|first1 = Gaspard Herman|year = 1822}}</ref> In 1823 he exhibited a volley rifle that fired seven rifled barrels simultaneously as well as a turning carbine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sS9QFgJlH48C&dq=Lepage+Carabine+Tournante&pg=PA736|title = Annales des mines: Réalités industrielles |volume=48|year = 1823}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ1fQ6_DpIoC&dq=Lepage+Carabine+Tournante&pg=PA267|title =Rapport sur les produits de l'industrie française|year = 1824|last1 =Migneron |first1 =Pierre-Henri}}</ref> In 1827, the same inventor exhibited at another French industrial exposition eleven percussion and one flintlock firearms which included a 4-shot revolving rifle, a 'double rifle' with a cylinder with five charges and a 'single rifle' and a pair of pistols also with a cylinder with five charges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PP4NAAAAQAAJ&dq=Lepage&pg=PA618|title = Annales des mines ou Recueil de mémoires sur l'exploitation des mines et sur les sciences et les arts qui s'y rattachent|year = 1827}}</ref>
* Pirmet-Baucheron revolving rifle: In 1822 a French gunsmith called Pirmet-Baucheron presented a revolving rifle with 7 shots and a single lock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXI7AAAAcAAJ&dq=Pirmet+Baucheron+Fusil+Sept+Coups&pg=PA5|title=Traité complet de la chasse au fusil|year=1823}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5327535c/f17.image.r=Fusil%20A%20Sept%20Coups?rk=128756;0|title=Traité général des chasses à courre et à tir|year=1822}}</ref>
* Hewson magazine gun: In 1824 an English gunsmith called W. P. Hewson advertised, amongst other firearms and one air gun, a magazine gun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-exeter-flying-post-or-trewmans-ply/159665278/|title=To Gentlemen Sportsmen|newspaper=[[Trewman's Exeter Flying Post|The Exeter Flying Post or, Trewman's Plymouth and Cornish Advertiser]] |date=1 January 1824 |page=4|via=Newspapers.com|accessdate=3 January 2024}}</ref>
* Jobard rifle: a turret rifle with 14 shots patented in Belgium in 1826 and presented to the government in 1835.<ref name="histoire-genealogie" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1lPqxaxvPEC&q=Jobard+Fusil&pg=PA529|title = Rapport sur l'exposition de 1839, &#91;industrie française] |first=J. B. A. M. |last=Jobard |location = Paris|publisher = Exposition de 1839|year = 1841}}</ref>
* Silas Day magazine gun: A percussion revolving rifle to which was attached a loose-powder-and-ball magazine patented in the US in 1837.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US364A/en|title=Improvement in self loading and priming fire-arms|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Colt ring lever rifles]] (1837)
* Bailey, Ripley and Smith magazine rifle: In 1838 the Americans Lebbeus Bailey, John B. Ripley and William B. Smith patented a percussion repeating rifle with a gravity-operated tubular magazine which could hold up to 15 re-useable steel cartridge-chambers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1084A/en?q=(Repeating+Firearm)&q=(F41A3/06)&oq=(Repeating+Firearm)+(F41A3/06)&sort=old|title=Improvement in fire-arms|accessdate=3 January 2024}}</ref>
* Eaton rifle: In 1838 a percussion rifle invented in America by James Eaton was described as being capable of holding 24 rounds in a rotating magazine and discharging them all in four minutes for a rate of fire of 6 rounds per minute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kj1tED52ClEC&q=Loads+Itself+Rifle&pg=PA343|title = Army and Navy Chronicle|year = 1838}}</ref>
* Kratsch rifle: In 1839 it was reported that a mechanic called Kratsch from [[Bayreuth]] had invented a rifle capable of firing 30 times in a minute and being reloaded in one minute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.retronews.fr/journal/gazette-de-france/1-juillet-1839/375/2634877/4|title=&#124; RetroNews - Le site de presse de la BnF|accessdate=3 January 2024|via=www.retronews.fr}}</ref>
* Devisme guns: In 1844 a French gunsmith known as Devisme presented a variety of repeating firearms for the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 including an 18 shot pistol with no visible hammer or lock, a 6 shot pistol, a rifle with 6 shots and a 'revolving thunder' and a four shot 'double acting' rifle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jL5AAAAAcAAJ&q=Fusil+coups+successifs&pg=PA261|title=Rapport sur l'Exposition publique des produits de l'industrie française de 1844|language=fr|access-date=20 June 2021|last1=Halphen|first1=Gustave|year=1845}}</ref>
* Jennings magazine rifle: in 1847 [[Walter Hunt (inventor)|Walter Hunt]] patented in Britain a repeating rifle he called "the Volitional Repeater". He would patent it again in the United States in 1849. This rifle featured a tubular magazine beneath the barrel and a lever mechanism to raise cartridges into the chamber. Unable to finance the building of the rifle, Hunt sold the rights to [[George Arrowsmith]] who in turn had an employee, [[Lewis Jennings]], improve the lever mechanism. [[Courtland Palmer]] placed the first order for the "Jennings Magazine rifle" for his hardware store: [[Robbins & Lawrence]]. The rifle did not sell well as the ammunition was a hollow based bullet containing gunpowder. Most of the guns were later converted to single shot rifles. Two employees working at Robbins & Lawrence: [[Horace Smith (inventor)|Horace Smith]] and [[Daniel B. Wesson]] improved the design and sold it as the "Smith-Jennings Repeating Rifle".<ref name="Boorman17" /> At first they used a slightly modified Flobert cartridge, patented in 1853, but later they would switch to a modified [[Rocket Ball]] type of ammunition altered so as to function as a self-contained centerfire cartridge.<ref name="Boorman17" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo3PCwAAQBAJ&dq=Smith+Wesson+Rimfire+1853&pg=PT57|title = Complete Book of the .22: A Guide to the World's Most Popular Guns|isbn = 9781461750024|last1 = Van Zwoll|first1 = Wayne |date = August 2006| publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}</ref>
* Cass repeating belt gun: A percussion repeating rifle patented in 1848 in the US using a chain or belt in the stock which carried paper cartridges to the breech of the gun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5814A/en|title=Improved self-loading and self-capping repeating fire-arm|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* Buchel cartridge magazine gun: The first tubular cartridge magazine gun to be patented in the United States in February 1849.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6136A/en|title=Improved cartridge-tube-formingand conveyer repeating fire-arm|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* Perry 'faucet-breech' gun: A hinged or tilting breech repeating rifle patented in the US in December 1849 by Alonzo Perry using paper cartridges contained in several gravity-operated tubular magazines in the stock and a separate magazine for fulminate pills which were used for ignition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6945A/en|title = Improvement in faucet-breech guns}}</ref>
* Porter self-loading gun: In February 1851 a loose-powder-and-ball percussion magazine gun invented by a Parry W. Porter, better known for the turret rifle he invented and to which the magazine for his loose-powder-and-ball gun was to be attached, was reported on in American newspapers and later in the same year a patent was procured by the inventor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJwRXFvK35IC&q=Self+Loading+Gun&pg=PA180|title = Scientific American|year = 1850}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8210A/en|title=Improvement in revolving-breech fire-arms|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* Needham self-loading carbine: A self-loading carbine demonstrated in June 1851 at the Great Exhibition by Joseph Needham.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8tc1AAAAMAAJ&q=1851+Self+Loading+Needham&pg=PA51|title = Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851|year = 1851}}</ref>
* Dixon self-loading and self-priming gun: A repeating gun demonstrated by a C. S. Dixon which won a silver award at the Annual Fair of the American Institute in October 1851.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2A9AAAAAYAAJ&q=1851&pg=PA627|title = Transactions of the American Institute of the City of New-York|year = 1852}}</ref>
* 1854 Lindner revolving rifle: In 1854 the German Edward Lindner patented in the United States and Britain a repeating rifle which used a revolving cylinder to elevate the cartridges, which were paper and could be either self-contained needlefire cartridges or use external percussion caps for ignition, to the breech from a tubular magazine located under the barrel.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US11197A/en | title=Improved magazine, repeating, and needle gun }}</ref><ref> David H. Hanes (October 2021)
[https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Linder-repeater-good-idea-that-didnt-work-HANES-vol-123.pdf The Incredible Linder] americansocietyofarmscollectors.org</ref>
* Colette gravity pistol: A repeating [[Gallery gun|saloon gun]] premiered at the [[Exposition Universelle (1855)|1855 World's Fair]]. Despite popularly being known as the Colette gravity pistol, its original inventor was actually a Belgian called Jean Nicolas Herman.<ref name="McCollum" /><ref name="littlegun" />
* [[Colt revolving rifle]] (1855)
* Leroux magazine gun: At the [[Exposition Universelle (1855)]] in France a French gunsmith called Leroux demonstrated a repeating carbine with a magazine for 36 Flobert cartridges and which featured a novel cartridge extractor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPRRAAAAcAAJ&dq=Fusil+Magasin+Cartouche&pg=PA49|title = Rapports du jury mixte international|year = 1856}}</ref>
* [[Henry rifle]](1860)
* [[Spencer repeating rifle]] (1860)
* [[Roper repeating shotgun]] (1882/1885)