Editing Rephotography (section)

==Rephotography and photogrammetry in the sciences==
Since the 1850s techniques were developed<ref>Rogers, Garry F., Harold E. Malde, and Raymond M. Turner (1984) Bibliography of Repeat Photography for Evaluating Landscape Change. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.</ref> for surveying<ref>Wheeler, Arthur (1920) The Application of Photography to the Mapping of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. ''Canadian Alpine Journal'', 10: 76–96.</ref> and scientific study,<ref>Webb, Robert H & Boyer, Diane E & Turner, Raymond M. (2010). ''Repeat Photography: Methods and Applications in the Natural Sciences''. Island Press, Washington, DC.</ref> especially in systems (Paganini, 1880; Deville, 1889; [[Sebastian Finsterwalder|Finsterwalder]], 1890)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Malde |first1=H. E. |year=1973 |title=Geologic Benchmarks by Terrestrial Photography |journal=US Geological Survey Journal of Research |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=193–206 |url=https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70160634 }}</ref> of [[photogrammetry]]<ref>Photogrammetry—the art of making measurements using images—is the task of determining an object or its dimensions using photographs. Preliminary work on this problem was done by Lambert in what he referred to as "inverting the perspective" and by Beautemps-Beaupre (1791–1793). In surveying these methods were first tested by A. Laussedat (1852–59). Starting in 1855 [[Ignazio Porro|I. Porro]] began developing instruments for photogrammetry. A. Meydenbauer brought architectural photogrammetry to high level. W. Jordan and C. Koppe  approached the problem from the standpoint of geodesy, and G. Hauck approached it from a theoretical point of view. Photogrammetry was practiced on a large scale in Italy by L. P. Paganini since 1880 and in Canada by E. Deville since 1889. S. Finsterwalder has been doing aerial photogrammetry from balloons since 1890. C. Pulfrich has been using stereoscopy since 1890. A. Laussedat has collected material on the history of photographic methods and equipment." [[Sebastian Finsterwalder|Finsterwalder]], S. (1906) Photogrammetrie. In: Encyklopeidie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluft ihrer Anwendungen. Band VI, Teil1, Geodesie und Geophysik. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1906–1925. pp. 98–116.</ref> in which precise measurements made from triangulation of points in numbers of photographic records are made in order to track changes in ecological systems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harrison |first1=A. E. |title=Reoccupying unmarked Camera Stations for Geological Observations |journal=Geology |date=1974 |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=469 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<469:RUCSFG>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1974Geo.....2..469H }}</ref> 

Rephotography continues to be used by the scientific world to record incremental or cyclical events (of [[erosion]], or land rehabilitation,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Munro |first1=R. Neil |last2=Deckers |first2=J. |last3=Haile |first3=Mitiku |last4=Grove |first4=A. T. |last5=Poesen |first5=J. |last6=Nyssen |first6=J. |title=Soil landscapes, land cover change and erosion features of the Central Plateau region of Tigrai, Ethiopia: Photo-monitoring with an interval of 30 years |journal=CATENA |date=15 September 2008 |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.009|bibcode=2008Caten..75...55M |s2cid=128566985 }}</ref> or glacier flow<ref>Fagre, D. B. and McKeon, L. A. (2010) 'Documenting disappearing glaciers: Repeat photography at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA', ''Repeat Photography: Methods and Applications in the Natural Sciences''. Covelo, CA: Island Press.</ref> for example), or to measure the extent of sand banks in a river, or other phenomena which change slowly over time,<ref>Webb, Robert H. (1996) ''Grand Canyon, a Century of Change: Rephotography of the 1889–1890 Stanton Expedition''. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.</ref> and in gathering evidence of climate change.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Munroe |first=Jeffrey S. |date=November 2003 |title=Estimates of Little Ice Age Climate Inferred through Historical Rephotography, Northern Uinta Mountains, U.S.A |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0489:eoliac]2.0.co;2 |journal=Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=489–498 |doi=10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0489:eoliac]2.0.co;2 |s2cid=73543439 |issn=1523-0430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=Nicholas B. |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=Jamie B. |last3=Scott |first3=Jenny J. |date=2021-02-23 |title=Rephotography, permanent plots and remote sensing data provide varying insights on vegetation change on subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980–2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.13015 |journal=Austral Ecology |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=762–775 |doi=10.1111/aec.13015 |bibcode=2021AusEc..46..762F |s2cid=233964014 |issn=1442-9985|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Handley |first=William R. |date=2019-09-24 |title=Re-Viewing Western U.S. Rephotography in the Anthropocene |journal=KronoScope |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=153–187 |doi=10.1163/15685241-12341441 |s2cid=204523113 |issn=1567-715X|doi-access=free }}</ref>