Editing Revised Romanization of Korean (section)

==Features==
These are notable features of the Revised Romanization system:
* The [[Aspiration (linguistics)|aspiration]] distinction between consonants is represented in a new way. The unaspirated consonants {{lang|ko|ㄱ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄷ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅂ}}, and {{lang|ko|ㅈ}} are represented as ⟨g⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨b⟩, and ⟨j⟩ respectively. The aspirated consonants {{lang|ko|ㅋ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅌ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅍ}}, and {{lang|ko|ㅊ}} are represented as ⟨k⟩, ⟨t⟩, ⟨p⟩, ⟨ch⟩. These letter pairs have a similar aspiration distinction in English at the beginning of a syllable (but unlike English do not have a [[Voicing (phonetics)|voicing]] distinction); this approach is also used by [[Hanyu Pinyin]]. By contrast, the [[McCune–Reischauer]] system uses ⟨k⟩ ⟨t⟩ ⟨p⟩ ⟨ch⟩ both for the unaspirated and aspirated consonants, adding an apostrophe for the aspirated versions (⟨k'⟩ ⟨t'⟩ ⟨p'⟩ ⟨ch'⟩). (The McCune–Reischauer system also includes voicing, which the revised romanization does not.)
** When placed in the final position, {{lang|ko|ㄱ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄷ}}, and {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} are romanized as ⟨k⟩, ⟨t⟩, and ⟨p⟩ respectively, as they are neutralized to [[No audible release|unreleased stops]]: {{lang|ko|벽}} {{IPA|[pjʌk̚]|}} → ''byeo'''k''''', {{lang|ko|밖}} {{IPA|[pak̚]|}} → ''ba'''k''''', {{lang|ko|부엌}} {{IPA|[pu.ʌk̚]|}} → ''bueo'''k''''', {{lang|ko|벽에}} {{IPA|[pjʌ.ɡe]|}} → ''byeo'''g'''e'', {{lang|ko|밖에}} {{IPA|[pa.k͈e]|}} → ''ba'''kk'''e'', {{lang|ko|부엌에}} {{IPA|[pu.ʌ.kʰe]|}} → ''bueo'''k'''e'', {{lang|ko|입}} {{IPA|[ip̚]|}} → ''i'''p''''',  {{lang|ko|입에}} {{IPA|[i.be]|}} → ''i'''b'''e''.
* Vowels {{lang|ko|ㅓ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅡ}} are written as ⟨eo⟩ and ⟨eu⟩ respectively, replacing the ⟨ŏ⟩ and ⟨ŭ⟩ of the [[McCune–Reischauer]] system.
** However, {{lang|ko|ㅝ}} {{IPA|/wʌ/|}} is written as ⟨wo⟩, not ⟨weo⟩, and {{lang|ko|ㅢ}} {{IPA|/ɰi/|}} is written as ⟨ui⟩, not ⟨eui⟩.
* ㅅ in the syllable-initial position is always written as ⟨s⟩. The [[McCune–Reischauer]] system used ⟨sh⟩ or ⟨s⟩ depending on context.
** When followed by another consonant or when in the final position, it is written as ⟨t⟩: {{lang|ko|옷}} {{IPA|[ot̚]|}} → ''o'''t''''' (but {{lang|ko|옷에}} {{IPA|[o.se]|}} → ''o'''s'''e'').
* {{lang|ko|ㄹ}} {{IPA|/l/|}} is ⟨r⟩ before a vowel or a semivowel and ⟨l⟩ everywhere else: {{lang|ko|리을}} {{IPA|[ɾi.ɯl]|}} → '''''r'''ieu'''l''''', {{lang|ko|철원}} {{IPA|[tɕʰʌ.ɾwʌn]|}} → ''Cheo'''r'''won'', {{lang|ko|울릉도}} {{IPA|[ul.lɯŋ.do]|}} → ''[[Ulleungdo|U'''ll'''eungdo]]'', {{lang|ko|발해}} {{IPA|[paɾ.ɦɛ]|}} → ''[[Balhae|Ba'''l'''hae]]''. Like in McCune–Reischauer, {{lang|ko|ㄴ}} {{IPA|/n/|}} is written ⟨l⟩ whenever pronounced as a [[lateral consonant|lateral]] rather than as a [[nasal stop|nasal]] consonant: {{lang|ko|전라북도}} {{IPA|[tɕʌl.la.buk̚.t͈o]|}} → ''[[Jeollabuk-do|Jeo'''l'''labuk-do]]''
* Phonological changes are reflected where {{lang|ko|ㄱ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄷ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅈ}} are adjacent to {{lang|ko|ㅎ}}: {{lang|ko|좋고}} → ''jo'''k'''o'', {{lang|ko|놓다}} → ''no'''t'''a'', {{lang|ko|잡혀}} → ''ja'''p'''yeo'', 낳지 → ''na'''ch'''i''.
** However, aspirated sounds are not reflected in case of nouns where {{lang|ko|ㅎ}} follows {{lang|ko|ㄱ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄷ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅂ}}: {{lang|ko|묵호}} → ''[[Mukho]]'', {{lang|ko|집현전}} → ''[[Jiphyeonjeon]]''.<ref name="natinst">{{cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front_eng/roman/roman_01.do|title=Romanization of Korean|website=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>

In addition, special provisions are for regular phonological rules in exceptions to transcription (see [[Korean phonology]]).

Other rules and recommendations include the following:
* A [[hyphen]] optionally<ref>{{Cite web|author=김세중 |script-title=ko:로마자 표기법의 이해 – 로마자 표기와 붙임표(-) |trans-title=Understanding the romanization system – Romanization and hyphen |publisher=New Korean News (새국어소식) |date=May 2001 |url=https://korean.go.kr/nkview/nknews/200105/34_3.html |language=ko |trans-quote=There are good reasons for why hyphens are not mandated even though there are scenarios where a romanization can be pronounced in two different ways. Firstly, hyphens are visually intrusive symbols. For {{lang|ko|강원}}, "Gangwon" is visually more comfortable [to read] than "Gang-won". [The fact of the matter] is that spellings and pronunciations do not exactly match. This is true for all languages. Even for Korean, {{lang|ko|말}} (horse) uses a short vowel, and {{lang|ko|말}} (speech; words) uses a long vowel, but we render them both in Hangul in the same way. In English, "lead" (as in "to lead") is pronounced {{IPAc-en|l|iː|d}}, but "lead" (as in the element lead) is pronounced {{IPAc-en|l|ɛ|d}}, but they're spelled identically. Romanization is no exception. We must abandon the idea that romanization must exactly show pronunciation. If someone pronounces "Gangwon" as "Gan-gwon" ({{lang|ko|간권}}), then they should just be corrected as needed. Spelling does not perfectly show pronunciation and parts of pronunciation will need to be learned separately anyway. This is why even though we permit you to write {{lang|ko|아에}} as "a-e", we recommend you write "ae" instead. |quote=붙임표를 생략하면 한 로마자 표기가 두 가지로 발음될 수 있는데도 붙임표 사용을 강제하지 않은 데는 그만한 이유가 있다. 우선 붙임표는 대단히 눈에 거슬리는 기호라는 점이다. '강원'을 Gang-won으로 하기보다는 Gangwon으로 하는 것이 시각적으로 더 편안하다. 그러나 더 중요한 것은 표기와 발음은 완벽하게 일치하지 않는다는 사실이다. 어떤 언어든지 표기가 발음을 정확하게 반영하지는 않는다. 국어의 '말〔馬〕'은 모음이 짧고 '말〔言〕'은 모음이 길지만 똑같이 '말'로 적는다. 영어에서 lead(이끌다)는 발음이 [li:d]이고 lead(납)은 [led]이지만 표기는 같다. 로마자 표기라고 예외는 아니다. 로마자 표기로 발음을 완벽하게 보여 주어야 한다는 생각은 버려야 한다. Gangwon을 '간권'으로 발음하는 사람이 있다면 '강원'으로 바로잡아 주면 된다. 표기가 발음을 완벽하게 다 보여 주는 것은 아니며 발음은 어차피 따로 익혀야 할 부분이 있다. '아에'를 a-e로 쓰는 것을 허용하지만 ae로 쓰기를 더 권장한 까닭이 여기에 있다.}}</ref> disambiguates syllables: {{lang|ko|가을}} → ''ga'''-'''eul'' (fall; autumn) versus {{lang|ko|개울}} → ''gae'''-'''ul'' (stream). Official publications usually do not make use of this provision (and actual instances of ambiguity among names are rare).
** However, in special cases where the premise is to convert the romanization back to hangul (such as in academic papers), the romanization has to be changed to match hangul spelling instead of pronunciation, and a hyphen is used to denote a soundless syllable-initial {{lang|ko|ㅇ}} (except at the beginning of a word):<ref>{{cite web |title=국어의 로마자 표기법 |url=https://www.law.go.kr/%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99/%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98%20%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%20%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95 |website=행정규칙 |access-date=26 January 2025}}</ref> {{lang|ko|없었습니다}} → ''eobs'''-'''eoss-seubnida''
* It is permitted to hyphenate syllables in a [[Korean name|given name]]. Certain phonological changes, ordinarily indicated in other contexts, are ignored in names, for better disambiguating between names: {{lang|ko|강홍립}} → ''Gang Hong'''r'''ip'' or ''[[Gang Hong-rip|Gang Hong-'''r'''ip]]'' (not *''Hongnip'' or ''Hong-nip''), {{lang|ko|한복남}} → ''Han Bo'''k'''nam'' or ''Han Bo'''k'''-nam'' (not *''Bongnam'' or ''Bong-nam'')
** However, this does not guarantee perfect reversibility. For example, given names {{lang|ko|빛나}} and {{lang|ko|샛별}} are romanized as ''Bitna'' and ''Saetbyeol'' respectively – syllable-final consonants {{lang|ko|ㅊ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅅ}} both become ''t''.
* Administrative units (such as the ''[[Korean province|do]]'') are hyphenated from the placename proper: {{lang|ko|강원도}} → ''[[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon'''-do''']]''
** One may omit terms such as {{lang|ko|시, 군, 읍}}: {{lang|ko|평창군}} → ''[[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang-gun]]'' or ''Pyeongchang'', {{lang|ko|평창읍}} → ''Pyeongchang-eup'' or ''Pyeongchang''.
** However, names for geographic features and artificial structures are not hyphenated: {{lang|ko|설악산}} → ''[[Seoraksan]]'', {{lang|ko|해인사}} → ''[[Haeinsa]]''
* [[Proper noun]]s are capitalized.