Editing Rolling blackout (section)

== In developing countries==
Rolling blackouts are a common or even a normal daily event in many [[Developing country|developing countries]],<ref name="dpl">{{cite journal |last1=Agarwal |first1=Anshul |last2=Khandeparkar |first2=Kedar |date=June 2021 |title=Distributing power limits: Mitigating blackout through brownout |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352467721000229 |journal=Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks |volume=26 |page=100451 |doi=10.1016/j.segan.2021.100451 |bibcode=2021SEGN...2600451A |s2cid=233918608 |access-date=14 June 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> where electricity generation capacity is underfunded or [[infrastructure]] is poorly managed.  In well managed under-capacity systems blackouts are planned and schedules are published in advance to allow people to work around them. In poorly managed systems they happen without warning, typically whenever the transmission frequency falls below the 'safe' limit.

These have wide-ranging impacts, and can effect the expectations of communities. For example, in Ghana [[dumsor]] describes the widespread expectations for intermittent unexpected power outages due to rolling blackouts.

===Iran===
In 2021, Iran regularly conducted large blackouts nationwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/01/16/massive-blackouts-have-hit-iran-government-is-blaming-bitcoin/|title=Massive blackouts have hit Iran. The government is blaming bitcoin mining.|first=Miriam|last=Berger|date=2021-01-16|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

In July 2024, the government started 4 hour per day blackouts affecting homes and industries despite 40 degrees Celsius heat waves, and the severity of power shortages exceeded worst case scenario predictions.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/amp/1930515/ | title=قطع بی‌سابقه برق در خیابان میرزای شیرازی/ مسئولان پاسخ روشن نمی‌دهند - خبرآنلاین }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/980496/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DB%B4%DB%B5-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9-%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF | title=نماینده مجلس : کمبود برق به جایی رسیده در دمای بالای ۴۵ درجه ، برق خانگی را قطع می‌کنند }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/804493/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF | title=توانیر: مصرف برق از بدبینانه‌ترین سناریوی پیش‌بینی شده هم عبور کرد }}</ref>

On 10 November 2024, the government began reimplementing blackouts nationally.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/amp/resumption-of-power-outage-due-to-mazut-consumption-stoppage/33196078.html | title=شرکت توانیر از قطع برق و آغاز خاموشی‌های زمان‌بندی‌شده خبر داد }}</ref>

===Philippines===
Remote areas or off-grid areas are the most vulnerable to power supply issues.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galvez |first1=Daphne |title=Rotational brownouts to hit 1.3 million houses in 2023 — DOE |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1723516/1-3m-houses-to-experience-rotational-brownouts-in-2023-energy-officials |access-date=19 June 2024 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=31 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Areas placed with under yellow and red alerts are subject to rolling blackouts.<ref>{{cite news |title='Red Alert Strikes Back' Luzon grid may endure rotational brownouts |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/4/17/red-alert-strikes-again-luzon-grid-wobbles-anew-into-rotational-brownouts |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mercurio |first1=Richmond |title=Concerns raised over looming energy crisis |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2023/01/23/2239440/concerns-raised-over-looming-energy-crisis |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Philippine Star |date=23 January 2023}}</ref>

=== South Africa ===
{{Main articles|South African energy crisis}}

Since 2007, South Africa has experienced multiple periods of rolling blackouts which are locally referred to as '''load shedding''' by the state-owned energy company [[Eskom]]. This was initially caused by the country's demand for electricity outstripping supply, and as time progressed, later exacerbated by ageing power infrastructure, poor maintenance, and the slow completion of new power stations. It was recently revealed by Eskom's former spokesperson  Sikhonathi Mantshantsh, that widespread tender corruption and the sabotage of power infrastructure by employees<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/news/2023-01-17-you-are-sabotaging-us-ahead-of-2024-elections-anc-tells-eskom/|title='You are sabotaging us ahead of 2024 elections,' ANC tells Eskom|first=Khaya|last=Koko|date=17 January 2023|work=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailyinvestor.com/energy/19877/eskom-sabotage-of-catastrophic-proportions/#:~:text=Eskom%20executives%20involved%20in%20sabotage,to%20sabotage%20at%20power%20stations.|title=Eskom sabotage of 'catastrophic proportions'|first=Shaun|last=Jacobs|date=12 June 2023|work=Daily Investor}}</ref> is one of the primary reasons for continuing load shedding. This has caused severe damage to the South African economy and has played a large part in limiting the country's economic growth.

=== Ukraine ===
[[File:Generators in Dnipro.jpg|thumb|Power generators in Dnipro during the blackouts, 2024]]

In the late 1990s, Ukraine experienced frequent scheduled electricity blackouts throughout the country's power system due to miners' strikes, the destruction of the coal industry in 1991–1996, the hidden privatization of energy companies and [[Barter|barters]] in the energy industry, which included even nuclear power.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=Хроніки енергоолігархії: 20 років залежності - Главком |url=https://glavcom.ua/publications/115069-hroniki-energooligarhiji-20-rokiv-zalezhnosti.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128045038/https://glavcom.ua/publications/115069-hroniki-energooligarhiji-20-rokiv-zalezhnosti.html |archive-date=28 January 2021 }}</ref>{{Main articles|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion in 2022]], [[Russia]] conducted multiple attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Russia targets Ukraine energy and water infrastructure in missile attacks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/31/russian-missiles-kyiv-ukraine-cities |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine Reports More Russian Strikes on Energy Infrastructure |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-reports-russian-strikes-on-energy-infrastructure-/6807571.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=VOA |date=27 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sukhov |first=Oleg |date=2022-10-19 |title=Intensified Russian attacks on Ukraine infrastructure unlikely to achieve Kremlin's goals |url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/Russian-attacks-on-Kyiv-energy-infrastructure-might-cause-problems |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-31 |title=Another mass attack on Monday morning: Russia hits energy infrastructure across Ukraine |url=https://kyivindependent.com/news-feed/another-mass-attack-on-monday-morning-russias-hits-energy-infrastructure-across-ukraine |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref> On 23 October 2022, rolling blackouts were introduced in [[Kyiv]] and its [[Kyiv Oblast|oblast]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling blackouts Kyiv city and oblast intended to stabilize the grid |url=https://english.nv.ua/nation/rolling-blackouts-used-by-kyiv-city-region-to-stabilize-the-power-grid-50278704.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=english.nv.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-20 |title=Rolling blackouts start in Kyiv as Ukrainians urged to save power |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/57fdfbb0-647d-4a22-995f-b33c67d830fd |access-date=2023-04-06}}</ref> Rolling blackouts were introduced in all Ukrainian regions on 25 October 2022.<ref name="kyivindependent.com">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-25 |title=Rolling blackouts implemented in all Ukrainian regions on Oct. 25. |url=https://kyivindependent.com/news-feed/rolling-blackouts-implemented-in-all-ukrainian-regions-on-oct-25 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref>

In 2024, Ukraine faced another unprecedented [[Ukrainian energy crisis|energy crisis]] due to Russia's destruction of energy infrastructure, re-introducing rolling blackouts. Approximately 70% of the country's heating infrastructure was either damaged or under occupation by May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine's energy system under attack – Ukraine's Energy Security and the Coming Winter – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/ukraines-energy-security-and-the-coming-winter/ukraines-energy-system-under-attack |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Egypt ===
In the Summer of 2023, with the unprecedented heatwave that hit the country, the Egyptian government announced it would start a scheduled blackout across all major cities for 1 hour per day until the heatwave ended.
However, the blackouts remained well into the winter and were increased to 2 hours per day.
In the Summer of 2024, the temperatures rose even higher and the schedule changed to 3 hours per day with reports of unplanned cuts in [[Alexandria]], [[Cairo]] and other cities where some places faced over 6 hours without electricity for 3 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nader |first=Jacob Wirtschafter and Mina |date=2024-07-01 |title=Blackouts and Extreme Heat Plague Egypt as Government Extends Rolling Electricity Cuts |url=https://themedialine.org/by-region/blackouts-and-extreme-heat-plague-egypt-as-government-extends-rolling-electricity-cuts/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Media Line |language=en-US}}</ref>