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Romantic orientation
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==Romantic identities== {{Redirect-several|dab=off|heterosexuality|homosexuality|bisexuality|pansexuality|polysexuality|plurisexuality|allosexuality|monosexuality}} People may or may not engage in purely emotional [[Romance (love)|romantic]] relationships. The main identities relating to this are:<ref name="Richards and Barker" /><ref name="Cerankowski and Milks" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary|title=LGBTQIA Resource Center Glossary {{!}} LGBTQIA Resource Center|website=lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu|date=May 5, 2015|access-date=2019-08-04|archive-date=August 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803144259/https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-01 |title=Asexuality, Attraction, and Romantic Orientation |url=https://lgbtq.unc.edu/resources/exploring-identities/asexuality-attraction-and-romantic-orientation/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=LGBTQ Center |language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203043814/https://lgbtq.unc.edu/resources/exploring-identities/asexuality-attraction-and-romantic-orientation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''[[Aromantic]]''', meaning someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction (aromanticism).<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Bougie |first1=C. |title=Composing aromanticism |date=May 2021 |doi=10.32469/10355/85832}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=5 things you should know about aromantic people |url=https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226060725/https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Stonewall |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=Never Been Interested in Romance? You Could Be Aromantic |url=https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325222124/https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Psych Central |language=en}}</ref><ref name="theguardian">{{cite news |author=Josh Salisbury |title=Meet the aromantics: 'I'm not cold – I just don't have any romantic feelings' | Life and style |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407054453/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |archive-date=April 7, 2021 |access-date=2018-04-15 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Przybylo |first1=Ela |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |date=2020 |title=Editorial Introduction: The Erotics of Asexualities and Nonsexualities: Intersectional Approaches |journal=Feminist Formations |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=vii–xxi |doi=10.1353/ff.2020.0034 |s2cid=235009367 |id={{Project MUSE|777127}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=GLAAD - A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic |url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211810/https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref> ** ''For identities within the aromantic spectrum, see [[Aromantic spectrum]]''. * '''[[Alloromantic]]''' or '''zedromantic''':<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/98/1/104/360022/Among-the-New-Words |access-date=2024-04-17 |journal=American Speech |doi=10.1215/00031283-10579494 |title=Among the New Words |date=2023 |last1=Zimmer |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wright |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Hughes |first3=Brianne |last4=Zhang |first4=Lynn |last5=McLean |first5=Jaidan |last6=Carson |first6=Charles E. |volume=98 |pages=104–119 }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Not aromantic (alloromanticism or zedromanticism).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barron |first=Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22omniromantic%22&pg=PT4 |title=Perfectly Queer: An Illustrated Introduction |date=2023-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-409-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tessler |first1=Hannah |title=Aromanticism, asexuality, and relationship (non-)formation: How a-spec singles challenge romantic norms and reimagine family life |journal=Sexualities |date=23 August 2023 |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=514–535 |doi=10.1177/13634607231197061 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Niemira |first1=Jan C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcqPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22alloromantic%22&pg=PA133 |title=Sex, Sexuality, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors |last2=Jacobson |first2=Gary J. |last3=Violeta |first3=Karalyn J. |date=2019-09-19 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78592-618-1 |language=en}}</ref> ** '''Monoromantic''': Romantic attraction towards person(s) of only one gender (monoromanticism).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharmat |first=Madeline |date=2023-06-08 |title=All Bi Myself: The Relationship Between Bisexuality and Self-Essentialism |url=https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/474 |journal=College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Matheson |first1=Lauren P. |last2=Blair |first2=Karen L. |title=From continua to kaleidoscopes: How plurisexuality challenges traditional conceptualizations of sexual orientation |journal=The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality |date=September 2023 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.3138/cjhs.2023-0022 }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Dyer |first=Harriet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVmuEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22skolioromantic%22&pg=PT6 |title=From Ace to Ze: The Little Book of LGBT Terms |date=2018-05-10 |publisher=Summersdale |isbn=978-1-78685-696-8 |language=en}}</ref> *** '''[[Androromantic]]''': Romantic attraction towards men or masculinity (androromanticism).<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steelman |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Hertlein |first2=Katherine M. |title=Underexplored Identities: Attending to Asexuality in Therapeutic Contexts |journal=Journal of Family Psychotherapy |date=2 April 2016 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08975353.2016.1169014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thurer |first=Shari |date=2023 |title=Beyond the Binary : Essays on Gender |url=https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5624597 |journal=Phoenix Publishing House |language=en |pages=1–124}}</ref> *** '''[[Gyneromantic]]''' or '''gynoromantic''': Romantic attraction towards women or femininity (gyneromanticism or gynoromanticism).<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Woodruff |first1=Elisa |title=Wellness in asexual-Identified individuals: The Impact of Social Support and Microaggressions |date=2019 |url=https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/allgraduate-thesesdissertations/7789/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Zamani-Gallaher |first1=Eboni M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L9CwDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22gynoromantic%22&pg=PT123 |title=Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts: Identity, Policies, and Campus Climate |last2=Choudhuri |first2=Devika Dibya |last3=Taylor |first3=Jason L. |date=2019-09-20 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-82426-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zosky |first1=Diane L. |last2=Alberts |first2=Robert |title=What's in a name? Exploring use of the word queer as a term of identification within the college-aged LGBT community |journal=Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment |date=16 November 2016 |volume=26 |issue=7–8 |pages=597–607 |doi=10.1080/10911359.2016.1238803 }}</ref> *** {{Visible anchor|Heteroromantic|Heteroromanticism|Heteromantic|Heteromanticism|text='''Heteroromantic'''}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the opposite gender (heteroromanticism).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steelman |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Hertlein |first2=Katherine M. |title=Underexplored Identities: Attending to Asexuality in Therapeutic Contexts |journal=Journal of Family Psychotherapy |date=2 April 2016 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08975353.2016.1169014 }}</ref> *** {{Visible anchor|Homoromantic|Homoromanticism|text='''Homoromantic'''}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the same gender (homoromanticism). ** {{Anchor|Multiromantic|Pluriromantic}}'''Multiromantic''' or '''pluriromantic''': Romantic attraction towards person(s) of multiple genders (multiromanticism or pluriromanticism).<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Gatewood |first1=Hunter |date=2023 |title=Differentiating Sexual Orientation and Romantic Orientation: Exploring Two Inventories of Sexual and Romantic Attraction |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f4e961c22ffc82729b76400866486ce1/1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rucco |first1=Daniele |last2=Toffoli |first2=Greta |last3=Anzani |first3=Annalisa |last4=Prunas |first4=Antonio |title=A Networked Model of Ecological Systems Theory to Discuss Concerns in Italian Bisexual+ and Transgender People After the Block of the 'Zan Bill' by Senate |journal=Sexuality Research and Social Policy |date=March 2024 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=313–338 |doi=10.1007/s13178-023-00906-z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Yang Bo |last2=Mishra |first2=Shraddha |last3=Liang |first3=Emily |last4=Wekerle |first4=Christine |title=Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health, and Resilience in 2SLGBTQIA + Persons: a Scoping Review |journal=Adversity and Resilience Science |date=September 2023 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=211–233 |doi=10.1007/s42844-023-00095-z }}</ref> *** {{Visible anchor|Biromantic|Biromanticism|text='''Biromantic'''}} or '''ambiromantic''': Romantic attraction towards two genders, or person(s) of the same and other genders (biromanticism or ambiromanticism).<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last1=Decker |first1=Julie Sondra |title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality |date=2015 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-5107-0064-2 }}{{pn|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite thesis |last1=Ghosh Lisbin |first1=Maya Katyajini |title=A-Spec: Conceptualizing Asexual Identity, Experience, and Phenomenological Form |date=2023 |doi=10.48617/etd.1077 }}</ref> Sometimes used the same way as panromantic or multiromantic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Does Biromantic Mean? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=WebMD |language=en |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203193041/https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":03">{{cite journal |last1=Hayfield |first1=Nikki |last2=Křížová |first2=Karolína |title=It's Like Bisexuality, but It Isn't: Pansexual and Panromantic People's Understandings of Their Identities and Experiences of Becoming Educated about Gender and Sexuality |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |date=3 April 2021 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=167–193 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2021.1911015 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":5"/> *** {{Visible anchor|Panromantic|Panromanticism|text='''Panromantic'''}} or '''omniromantic''':<ref name=":03"/> Romantic attraction towards person(s) regardless of gender or of any, every, and all genders (panromanticism or omniromanticism).<ref name=":03" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hille |first1=Jessica J. |last2=Simmons |first2=Megan K. |last3=Sanders |first3=Stephanie A. |title='Sex' and the Ace Spectrum: Definitions of Sex, Behavioral Histories, and Future Interest for Individuals Who Identify as Asexual, Graysexual, or Demisexual |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=September 2020 |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=813–823 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2019.1689378 |pmid=31799860 |s2cid=208623207 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Panromantic Asexuality: What Is It? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-panromantic-asexuality |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=[[WebMD]] |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201235737/https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-panromantic-asexuality |url-status=live }}</ref> *** {{Vanchor|Polyromantic|text='''Polyromantic'''|Polyromanticism}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of various, but not all, genders (polyromanticism).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carrigan |first1=Mark |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |last3=Morrison |first3=Todd G. |title=Asexuality special theme issue editorial |journal=Psychology and Sexuality |date=May 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=111–120 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2013.774160 }}</ref> **{{Anchor|Ceteroromantic|Skolioromantic}} '''[[Skolioromantic]]''' or '''ceteroromantic''': Romantic attraction towards [[genderqueer]] or [[non-binary]] person(s) (skolioromanticism or ceteroromanticism).<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Chessin |first1=Krista Ellise |title=The sexual and romantic orientation scale: a measure of sexual and romantic orientation as separate dimensions |date=2019 |hdl=10211.3/213654 }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> *'''[[Abroromantic]]''': Fluid between romantic identities or in romantic attraction (abroromanticism).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=The experiences of UK LGBT+ communities during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356109851 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=National Centre for Social Research |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Exploring the Experiences of South Asian Students in Undergraduate Programmes: A Case Study in a New Zealand University |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10292/13228 |publisher=Auckland University of Technology |date=2020 |language=en |first=Ali |last=Rasheed|hdl=10292/13228 }}</ref> Not to be confused with [[aroflux]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rendle |first=Samantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv6oEAAAQBAJ&dq=aroflux+aromantic&pg=PP1 |title=Hopeless Aromantic: An Affirmative Guide to Aromanticism |date=2023-07-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-368-0 |language=en}}</ref> * '''[[Pomoromantic]]''': Rejecting preexisting romantic labels (pomoromanticism).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />
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