Editing Rose window (section)

== Style ==
*'''Oculi''': These could be open or blind, could be glazed or filled with thin [[alabaster]]. During the late Gothic period very large ocular windows were common in Italy, being used in preference to traceried windows and being filled with elaborate pictures in [[stained glass]] designed by the most accomplished Late Medieval and Early Renaissance designers including [[Duccio]], [[Donatello]], [[Paolo Uccello|Uccello]] and [[Lorenzo Ghiberti|Ghiberti]].<ref>[[Florence Cathedral]], [[Siena Cathedral]]</ref><ref>Wim Swaan, ''The Gothic Cathedral'', Banister Flether</ref>
*'''Wheel Windows''': These windows had a simple [[tracery]] of spokes radiating either from a central boss or from a central roundel. Popular during the Romanesque period and Gothic Italy, they are found across Europe but particularly Germany and Italy.<ref>Speyer Cathedral, [[Orvieto Cathedral]], [[Peterborough Cathedral]]</ref> They also occur in Romanesque Revival buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries.
*'''Plate Tracery''': Rose windows with pierced openings rather than tracery occur in the transition between Romanesque and Gothic, particularly in France and most notably at Chartres. The most notable example in England is the north [[transept]] window, known as the "Dean's Eye" in [[Lincoln Cathedral]]. These windows are occasionally found in 19th-century Revival buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lincolncathedral.com/xhtml/default.asp?UserLinkID=85866 |title=The Dean's Eye, Lincoln Cathedral |access-date=2007-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029055518/http://www.lincolncathedral.com/xhtml/default.asp?UserLinkID=85866 |archive-date=2006-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''Early Gothic''': Rose windows with tracery comprising overlapping arcs like flower petals, circular and square shapes. This form occurs in Northern France, notably at [[Laon Cathedral]], Italy and England. This style of window is popular in Gothic Revival architecture for the similarity that it has to a flower and is also utilised with specific reference to [[Our Lady of the Rosary]].
*'''Rayonnant Gothic''': The rose windows are divided by mullions radiating from a central roundel, overlapping in a complex design, each light terminating in a pointed arch and often interspersed with [[quatrefoil]]s and other such shapes. Many of the largest rose windows in France are of this type, notably those at Paris and in the transepts of St Denis. An example in England is that in the north transept of [[Westminster Abbey]]. This style occurs widely in Gothic churches and is also widely imitated in Gothic Revival buildings.<ref>[[St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney]] has three fine Gothic Revival examples.</ref>
*'''Flamboyant Gothic''': The style is marked by S-curves in the tracery causing each light to take on a flamelike or "flamboyant" shape.  Many windows are composed of fairly regularly shaped lights the richness of design dependent on the multiplicity of parts. Good examples are at [[Beauvais Cathedral]] and [[Sainte-Chapelle]], Paris. Some Late Gothic rose windows are of immense complexity of design, often using elements of the Gothic style in unexpected ways. A magnificent example is that of the façade of [[Amiens Cathedral]]. Although the design usually radiates from a central point, it may not be symmetrical about each axis. This may be seen in the [[Gothic architecture|Flamboyant Decorated Gothic]] window called the "Bishop's Eye" at [[Lincoln Cathedral]] in which the design takes the form of two ears of wheat.
*'''Renaissance''': The [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] made a break with the Gothic style, and a return to the Classical. Plain untraceried oculi were sometimes employed, either in Classical pediments<ref>See [[Madonna di S. Biagio]], [[Montepulciano]]</ref> or around domes as at the [[Pazzi Chapel]], Florence.<ref>Giovanni Fanelli, ''Brunelleschi''.</ref>
*'''Baroque''': The [[Baroque architecture|Baroque style]] saw much greater use of ocular windows, which were not always circular, but frequently oval or of a more complex shape. They were untraceried or crossed by mullions of very simple form but were often surrounded by ornate carving. The purpose of such windows was the subtle illumination of interior spaces, without resorting to large windows offering external visibility. They rarely form a dominant visual element to either the façade or the interior as do the great Gothic windows.<ref>Examples are at the [[Karlskirche]], Vienna; Brevnov monastery, [[Prague]]; St Bride, Fleet Street, [[London]]</ref> However, there are some notable exceptions, in particular the glorious burst of light which pours through the oval alabaster window depicting the [[Holy Spirit]] in the Reredos behind the High Altar of [[St. Peter's Basilica]], Rome.<ref>Bannister Fletcher; James Lees-Milne, ''St Peter's''.</ref>
*'''Modern''': Modern circular windows, which are most frequently of a simple ocular type, have an eclectic range of influences which includes [[abstract art]], ship's [[porthole]]s and the unglazed circular openings of Oriental architecture.

{{Gallery
|title=Examples
|width=160 | height=170
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Santa maria del fiore, dettaglio 13, oculo.JPG
 |alt1=
 |''Oculus'' – Florence Cathedral
|File:Rosone chiesa di San Francesco Antonio Fasari di Lucera.jpg
 |alt2=
 |''Wheel'' – Church of San Francesco at Lucera, Italy
|File:Dzialoszyce 13.08.08 kosciol sw. Trojcy rozeta p.jpg
 |alt3=
 |''Plate'' – at Działoszyce, Poland
|File:Plovan Ruines de Languidou rosace.JPG
 |alt4=
 |''Rayonnant'' – at the ruins of Languidou Abbey
|File:Cathédrale de Meaux Façade Rose 140708.jpg
 |alt6=
 |''Flamboyant'' – Meaux Cathedral, France
|File:Catania - Finestra barocca - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, gennaio 2006.jpg
 |alt7=
 |''Baroque'' – Catania
|File:Rose_window,_Church_of_Saint_Sava,_Belgrade.jpg
 |alt8=
 |''Modern'' – Church of Saint Sava, Serbia
}}