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Rotary printing press
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== Developmental history == [[File:Western Daily Press printing press 1858.jpg|left|thumb|Early rotary newspaper printing press in Bristol, 1858]] [[William Nicholson (chemist)|William Nicholson]] filed a 1790 patent for a rotary press. The rotary press itself is an evolution of the cylinder press, also patented by William Nicholson, invented by Beaucher of [[France]] in the 1780s and by [[Friedrich Koenig]] in the early 19th century.<ref>[https://www.printablepress.com/best-heat-press-machine-reviews/ Multifunction Heat Press Machine]</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WeR3w30IAiMC&q=Printing+Press+Hauy&pg=PA96 | title=The Blind in French Society from the Middle Ages to the Century of Louis Braille| isbn=9780804772389| last1=Weygand| first1=Zina| date=2009-08-07}}</ref> Rotary drum printing was invented by [[Josiah Warren]] in 1832,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bailie |first=William |url=http://archive.org/details/josiahwarrenfirs00bailiala |title=Josiah Warren, the first American anarchist; |date=1906 |publisher=Boston : Small, Maynard & company |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref> whose design was later imitated by [[Richard March Hoe]] in 1843.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JOSIAH WARREN |url=https://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/warren.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=faculty.evansville.edu}}</ref> An [https://patents.google.com/patent/US3687 1844 patent] replaced the reciprocating platforms used in earlier designs with a fixed platform served by rotating drums, and through a series of advances a complete rotary printing press was perfected in 1846,<ref name="meggs147">{{Cite book | last = Meggs | first = Philip B. | author-link = Philip B. Meggs | title = A History of Graphic Design | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 1998 | edition = Third | pages = 147 | isbn = 978-0-471-29198-5}}</ref> and [https://patents.google.com/patent/US5199 patented] in 1847. It appeared in Edinburgh in 1851 and then traveled to London where it was used by the Times newspaper in 1853, where it then traveled to France in 1866 and Germany in 1873. By the time it reached Spain in 1885, it had become common use.<ref>Lyons, M. (2013). Books: a living history. London: Thames & Hudson.</ref> Some sources describe the Parisian [[Hippolyte Auguste Marinoni]] as the inventor of the Rotary printing press, but this was the subject of a patent dispute that was decided in Hoe's favor. [[A.S. Abell]] of the ''[[Baltimore Sun]]'' was the first American user of the rotary press.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abell, A(runah) S(hepardson) |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/26 26] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/26 }}</ref>
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