Editing Ruby Goldstein (section)

== Early life and boxing career ==
Ruby Goldstein was born on [[Cherry Street (Manhattan)|Cherry Street]], in a small three room apartment on the [[Lower East Side]] in [[Manhattan]].  His widowed mother, whose husband had died a few months before Goldstein was born, took in sewing and washing in an effort to raise her four children.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|title=Ruby Goldstein, Ex-Fighter and Controversial Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/24/obituaries/ruby-goldstein-ex-fighter-and-controversial-referee.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 10, 2014|first=Thomas|last=Rogers|date=April 24, 1984}}</ref> Before he became a referee, Goldstein boxed professionally from 1925 to 1937. Nicknamed the "Jewel of the Ghetto," Goldstein was a smooth boxing, hard punching lightweight and later [[welterweight]] with a large following in his hometown of New York City.<ref name=JBHOF />  He lost only six fights in his professional career and an astounding 70 percent of his wins were by knockout or technical knockout.

Goldstein dropped out of school around 14 to take an office job, but was boxing as an amateur by sixteen. He started his boxing training as an anemic looking featherweight at around 125 pounds, and boxed almost exclusively in the lightweight range between 1923 and 1928, impressively winning all but three of his first thirty-two fights from December 1924 and June 15, 1927.  On that date he lost to the extraordinary, [[Sid Terris]] in a first-round knockout at the Polo Grounds in New York City.  Terris was considered by many to have been one of the fastest lightweights of the era, as well as possessing the best defensive skills.<ref name=JBHOF />

On May 11, 1925, Goldstein won a six-round points decision against Ray Mitchell at the Pioneer Sporting Club in New York City.<ref name=BR />

=== Win against Tony Vacarelli ===
On May 17, 1926, Goldstein, fighting at 136 1/2 pounds, won a sixth-round technical knockout against Tony Vacarelli in Madison Square Garden. The Scranton Republican wrote that "Goldstein...scored a technical knockout over a rugged veteran, Tony Vacarelli in the middle of the final round. Goldstein, hailed as a lightweight championship prospect, gave a dazzling exhibition of footwork, boxing skill and hitting, battering Vacarelli into such helplessness that the referee stopped the fight."<ref>"Goldstein Stops Tony Vacarelli in Sixth Round", ''The Scranton Republican'', Scranton, Pennsylvania, p. 20, May 18, 1926</ref> It was an impressive win as Vacarelli had not previously been knocked out.<ref>"Benny's Successor Found in Gotham", ''Lansing State Journal'', Lansing, Michigan, p. 30, May 26, 1926</ref>

=== Knockout loss to Ace Hudkins in June 1926 ===
According to some boxing historians{{who|date=September 2017}}, Goldstein could not take a hard punch to the chin as well as some top contenders, and was stopped in the three major fights he fought against [[Jimmy McLarnin]], Ace Hudkins, and fellow New Yorker Terris as a result. His youth, reckless management, and the exceptional quality of his opponents could also explain his knockout losses. He met Hudkins as a lightweight on June 25, 1926, at Coney Island Stadium in Brooklyn, before 18,000 fans, losing in a fourth-round knockout. Hudkins took the Nebraska State Lightweight title in February 1924. Hudkins was down on the mat for a count of five in the first round from a right cross to the jaw, and Goldstein appeared to be winning the bout. Goldstein took the second round by a good margin, with the third close to a draw.  In the fourth, Hudkins floored Goldstein twice with rights and lefts, before ending the bout with a right to the jaw for the final count of ten, with Goldstein down on the mat still holding to the ropes.<ref>Final blow from Hudkins was a right to the jaw, Kilgallen, James L., "Nebraska Wildcat Hangs Knockout", ''The Lincoln Star'', Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 8, June 26, 1926</ref> Goldstein was only eighteen at the time of the bout, and may have lacked the defensive skills or endurance to withstand the blows of Hudkins.  He had not been knocked out before, and according to the ''Lincoln Star'', had won twenty-three consecutive bouts prior to the match.

=== Knockout loss to Billy Alger in September 1926 ===
On September 24, 1926, Goldstein lost a sixth-round technical knockout to Billy Alger at Dreamland Rink in San Francisco, California. The loss by Goldstein was so rare that some suspected poor management.  A few speculated [[Waxy Gordon]], a crime boss, who may have held a significant percentage of his contract, had influenced the outcome of the bout.  Goldstein refused to come out for the sixth because of a badly sprained ankle, but some believe he had risen too soon from a knockdown or been unwisely influenced to face a boxer at only eighteen with whom he was overmatched, particularly after a previous loss in June.<ref name=BR />  Goldstein slipped from a right to the jaw in the opening of the fifth and in the resulting fall to the mat, sprained his ankle.  He was unable to answer the call for the sixth round.<ref>"Billy Alger Kayoes Ruby Goldstein in San Francisco Ring", ''Arizona Republic'', Phoenix, Arizona, p. 11, September 25, 1926</ref>

On March 29, 1927, he knocked out Billy Petrolle at the Pioneer Sporting Club in New York in the first of six rounds. Petrolle went down after a right to the chin 45 seconds into the first round, after a count of two in a prior knockdown.  It was an impressive victory, and the fastest knockout of Goldstein's career.<ref name=BR /><ref>"Quick Knockout", ''The Cincinnati Enquirer'', Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 15, March 30, 1927</ref>

On May 13, 1927, Goldstein won an important six round points decision at the large venue of New York's Madison Square Garden against the former July 1925 NYSAC World Lightweight Champion [[Jimmy Goodrich]]. It was a close bout and fought hard, but Goldstein's ability to elude Goodrich gave him the narrow lead in the bout.<ref>"Sid Terris and Goldstein Win", ''The Warren Tribune'', Warren, Pennsylvania, p. 6, May 14, 1927</ref>

=== Knockout loss to Sid Terris, May 1927 ===
[[File:TerrisSid.JPG|155 px|left|thumb|Sid Terris]]
The [[Sid Terris]] fight was a much-hyped battle between the two rival [[Jewish]] New Yorkers on June 15, 1927, at New York's Polo Grounds.  Terris and Goldstein had known each other for many years and had attended high school together.<ref name=BR /> Each fighter had his legion of supporters, and their eagerly anticipated face-off produced a stirring 1-round fight before 40,000 enthusiastic fans.<ref name=JBHOF /> Goldstein seized the advantage when he floored Terris for a count of nine with a right to the jaw, around 1:25 into the first round, and confidently seemed on his way to an easy victory. Terris, however, upon arising timed Goldstein's charge and caught him coming in with a powerful blow, knocking Goldstein out. Terris suffered from the same suceptability to knockouts as Goldstein, and was himself [[Knockout|KOed]] by Irish great Jimmy McLarnin who possessed extraordinary speed and punching power.<ref name=BR />  The blow Terris dealt that felled Goldstein was a solid right to the jaw that may have been a slight bit high, 1:47 into the first round, not long after Terris had been down for his count of nine.<ref>Currie, George, "Nebraska Wildcat Should Have Worn Gloves", ''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', Brooklyn, New York, p. 26, June 16, 1927</ref>

Coming back from his loss to Terris, after a three-month lay-off on December 19, 1927, he knocked out Ray Mitchell in the third round of six at the St. Nicholas Arena in New York. Mitchell had been down for a count of nine in the second round. Fighting at 139, Goldstein was nearing welterweight range of 140, technically fighting as a superlightweight.<ref>"Ruby Goldstein Knocks Ray Mitchell Out", ''The Oregon Statesman'', Salem, Oregon, p. 4, December 20, 1927</ref>  After the Ray Mitchell bout, Goldstein fought most of his bouts as a welterweight, and fought quality opponents but few serious contenders until his match with McLarnin.

=== Knockout loss to Jimmy McLarnin, December 1929 ===
Goldstein lost to [[Jimmy McLarnin]] in a second-round knockout at New York's [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|Madison Square Garden]] before 19,000 fans on December 13, 1929.  Goldstein was first down for a count of nine from a left to the head in the first round, and for a count of nine by another right in the opening of the second that knocked him into the ropes. He arose but was knocked to the mat for the final count shortly after.  McLarnin was easily one of the most gifted boxers of the era, and possessed a strong punch, and lightning speed.  Delaware's ''Morning News'' described McLarnin as "one of the greatest of modern day punchers."<ref>"McLarnin Crushes Ruby Goldstein", ''The Morning News'', Wilmington, Delaware, p. 10, December 14, 1929</ref>  Both boxers were fighting in the welterweight range, very close to 144 pounds.

Goldstein was in serious trouble in the first round, and had trouble rising from the count of nine.  He may have lost the fight to a knockout if not for the bell ending the round.<ref>Goldstein may have been close to knockout in first round in "McLarnin Wins New Fame By Knocking Out Ruby Goldstein", ''Lansing State Journal'', Lansing, Michigan, p. 18, December 14, 1929</ref>  Both boxers were fighting in the welterweight range at 144 pounds, and the bout was considered by several sources as an informal elimination bout for two world welterweight championship contenders, though it was not described as a world championship.

On September 10, 1930, he scored a third-round technical knockout against Jack Zivic at the Henderson Bowl in Brooklyn, New York, fighting well into the welterweight range at 145 pounds.<ref name=BR />  In the second round, Ruby unleashed a number of blows to Zivic's jaw.  Weakenend in the second, with a few seconds before the bell in the third, Goldstein leveled a striking attack that put Zivic on the mat for the full count.<ref>"Goldstein Stops Zivic in Third", ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', Brooklyn, New York, p. 29, September 11, 1930</ref> Ruby had gone eight months without a bout since his loss to McLarnin.

Fighting again as a welterweight, on April 29, 1932, he was knocked out by Dick Sisk in a second-round TKO at Chicago Stadium in Chicago, Illinois.  Goldstein was down three times for counts of nine, before a fourth knockdown prompted the referee to end the bout as a technical knockout.<ref name=BR /> Ruby had gone six months without a bout since his loss to Joe Macedon, who knocked him out in the seventh round in Newark, New Jersey.  He would win more bouts and score some impressive knockouts in his final five years and eleven bouts, but never aspire to welterweight contention status.  His last bout was against Al Grosso on August 13, 1937. which he won by a third-round TKO.