Editing Russell Square (section)

== History ==
[[File:Hotel Russell on Russell Square, London - April 2007.jpg|thumb|left|Kimpton Fitzroy London]]

Following the demolition of [[Bedford Estate|Bedford House]], Russell Square and Bedford Square were laid out in 1804.<ref name=bh>{{cite web |first=Edward |last=Walford |title='Russell Square and Bedford Square', in Old and New London |volume=4 |publisher=London |year=1878 |pages=564–572 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol4/pp564-572 |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> The square is named after the surname of the Earls and [[Duke of Bedford|Dukes of Bedford]], who developed the family's London landholdings in the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref name=bh/> Between 1805 and 1830, [[Thomas Lawrence]] had a studio at number 65.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/research/programmes/artists-their-materials-and-suppliers/thomas-lawrences-studios-and-studio-practice/lawrences-studios |title=Lawrence's studios |publisher=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Other past residents include the famous 19th-century architectural father-and-son partnership, [[Philip Hardwick|Philip]] and [[Philip Charles Hardwick]], who lived at number 60 in the 1850s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/hardwickp/bio.html |title=Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) |publisher=Victorian Web |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

On the eastern side the [[Hotel Russell]], built in 1898 to a design by [[Charles Fitzroy Doll]], dominates (its builders were connected with the company which created [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/travel/titanic-hotel-to-celebrate-85m-relaunch-in-bloomsbury-a3767431.html |title='Titanic' hotel to celebrate £85m relaunch in Bloomsbury |publisher=Evening Standard |date=15 February 2018}}</ref> alongside the [[Imperial Hotel, London|Imperial Hotel]], which was also designed by [[Charles Fitzroy Doll]] and built from 1905 to 1911. The old Imperial building was demolished in 1967.<ref name=Hobhouse>{{cite book |last1=Hobhouse |first1=Hermione |title=Lost London. |url=https://archive.org/details/lostlondon0000hobh |url-access=registration |date=1972 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=9780395135211 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lostlondon0000hobh/page/207 207] |edition=[1st American ed.]}}</ref>

The square contained large terraced houses aimed mainly at upper-middle-class families. A number of the original houses survive, especially on the southern and western sides. Those to the west are occupied by the [[University of London]], and there is a [[blue plaque]] on one at the north-west corner commemorating the fact that [[T. S. Eliot]] worked there from the late 1920s when he was poetry editor of [[Faber & Faber]]. That building is now used by the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (a college of the University of London).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk/t-s-eliot-brown-plaque-in-london-3774#.W0te_tJKgdU |title=T. S. Eliot brown plaque in London |publisher=Blue Plaques |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

In 1998, the [[London Mathematical Society]] moved from rooms in [[Burlington House]] to [[Augustus De Morgan|De Morgan]] House, at 57–58 Russell Square, in order to accommodate staff expansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lms.ac.uk/about-us|title=About us|publisher=London Mathematical Society|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Green Cab Shelter, Russell Square.JPG|right|thumb|Russell Square [[cabmen's shelter]]]]

The [[Cabmen's Shelter Fund]] was established in London in 1875 to run shelters for the drivers of [[hansom cab]]s and later [[hackney carriage]]s (and [[taxicab]]s).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urban75.org/london/cabmans-shelters.html |title=Cabman's shelters, London – Victorian survivors on London's streets |publisher=Urban75 |date=1 April 2006 |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2002, the square was re-landscaped in a style based on the original early 19th century layout by [[Humphry Repton]] (1752–1818).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/mar/25/humphrey-repton-landscape-gardener-exhibition-london-squares |title=How visionary designer Humphry Repton created the glorious squares of London |date=25 March 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

Since 2004, the two buildings on the southern side, at numbers 46 and 47, have been occupied by the [[Huron University USA in London]] (now the London campus for EF International Language Centres and is the Centre for Professional Students over the age of 25).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euroeducation.net/euro/huronlon.htm |title=Huron University USA in London |publisher=Euro Education |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>

On 7 July 2005, [[7 July 2005 London bombings|two terrorist bombings]] occurred near the square. One of them was on a [[London Underground]] train at that moment running between [[King's Cross St Pancras tube station]] and [[Russell Square tube station]], and another was on a bus on [[Tavistock Square]], near Russell Square. To commemorate the victims, many flowers were laid at a spot on Russell Square just south of the café. The location is now marked by a memorial [[commemorative plaque|plaque]] and a young [[oak]] tree.<ref name=phone>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14040841 |work=BBC News |title=News of the World 'hacked 7/7 family phones' |date=6 July 2011}}</ref>

The square was also the site of [[Russell Square stabbing|a mass stabbing in 2016]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/03/europe/london-knife-attack/index.html |title=American killed in London knife attack, 5 others hurt |date=4 August 2016 |work=CNN |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |last3=Gigova |first3=Radina |last1=Dewan |first1=Angela |access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref>

The London Branch of [[École Jeannine Manuel]] has occupied 52–53 Russell Square since 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecolejeanninemanuel.org.uk/admissions/|title=Admissions|publisher=École Jeannine Manuel|access-date=20 June 2019}}</ref>