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Ryutaro Hashimoto
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==Early political life== [[File:Murayama Government 19950808.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Hashimoto with [[Tomiichi Murayama]] and the Ministers of Murayama Government (at the [[Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)|Prime Minister's Official Residence]] on 30 June 1994)]] Hashimoto was born on 29 July 1937,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jul/03/guardianobituaries.japan|title=Obituary: Ryutaro Hashimoto|last=Reed|first=Christopher|date=2 July 2006|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> in [[Sōja]] in [[Okayama Prefecture]]. His father, Ryōgo Hashimoto, was a cabinet minister under Prime Minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]]. Following his father's lead, Ryutaro received his degree in political science from [[Keio University]] in 1960, and was elected to the [[House of Representatives of Japan]] in 1963.<ref>John C Fredriksen, ed. ''Biographical Dictionary of Modern World Leaders'' (2003) pp 196-198.</ref> He moved through the ranks of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] over the next twenty years, landing a spot as Minister of Health and Welfare under premier [[Masayoshi Ōhira]] in 1978, and in 1980 became the LDP's director of finance and public administration. He again became a cabinet minister in 1986 under [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]], and in 1989 became secretary general of the LDP, the highest rank short of party president (if the LDP is in government, usually also the prime minister.) Hashimoto became a key figure in the strong LDP faction founded by [[Kakuei Tanaka]] in the 1970s, which later fell into the hands of [[Noboru Takeshita]], who then was tainted by the [[Recruit scandal]] of 1988. In 1991, the press had discovered that one of Hashimoto's secretaries had been involved in an illegal financial dealing. Hashimoto retired as Minister of Finance from the [[Second Kaifu Cabinet]]. Following the collapse of the [[bubble economy]], the LDP momentarily lost power in 1993/94 during the [[Hosokawa Cabinet|Hosokawa]] and [[Hata Cabinet|Hata]] anti-LDP coalition cabinets negotiated by LDP defector [[Ichirō Ozawa]]. Hashimoto was brought back to the cabinet when the LDP under [[Yōhei Kōno]] returned to power in 1994 by entering a ruling coalition with traditional archrival [[Japanese Socialist Party]] (JSP), giving the prime ministership to the junior partner, and the minor [[New Party Harbinger]] (NPH). Hashimoto became [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry|Minister of International Trade and Industry]] in the [[Murayama Cabinet]] of [[Tomiichi Murayama]].<ref>[[Kantei]]/[[Cabinet of Japan]]: Historical cabinets, [http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/rekidai/kakuryo/81.html Murayama Cabinet (81st)] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> As the chief of MITI, Hashimoto made himself known at meetings of [[APEC]] and at summit conferences. In September 1995, Yōhei Kōno did not stand for another term. Hashimoto won the [[1995 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election|election to LDP president]] against [[Jun'ichirō Koizumi]] 304 votes to 87,<ref name="LDP_presidents">LDP: [https://www.jimin.jp/aboutus/history/prime_minister/index.html 歴代総裁] (historical party presidents; includes election results)</ref> and succeeded Kōno as leader of the party and as deputy prime minister in the Murayama cabinet.<ref>[[Kantei]]/[[Cabinet of Japan]]: Historical cabinets, [http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/rekidai/kakuryo/81-1.html Reshuffled Murayama Cabinet (81st, reshuffled)] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
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