Editing SABC 1 (section)

==History==
===Initial TV Bantu plan===
When the SABC was granted approval to launch a television service in 1971, it was initially planned to have two channels: TV One, broadcasting in English and [[Afrikaans]] for white audiences, and TV Bantu, broadcasting in [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] languages for black audiences.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902945,00.html |title=South Africa: Apartheid Television |magazine=[[TIME]] |date=10 May 1971 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220201106/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902945,00.html |archive-date=20 February 2008 }}</ref> However, when television was eventually introduced in South Africa, the SABC launched only one channel—[[SABC 2|SABC TV]]—which aligned with the planned TV One service.

===As the combined TV2/TV3 network and TV4===
In 1980, the SABC announced plans to introduce a network for Black South Africans by 1982. The service was intended to broadcast for three hours on weekdays, with extended hours on weekends. Similar to [[SABC 2|SABC TV]], it would be funded through a combination of advertising revenue and government grants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Practical-Television/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1975-03.pdf |title=Television |date=February 1980 |accessdate=5 February 2024 |page=230 }}</ref>

On 31 December 1981, two new services were launched: TV2, which broadcast in [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], and TV3, which broadcast in [[Sotho language|Sotho]] and [[Tswana language|Tswana]]. Both channels were aimed at an urban Black audience and operated on a [[Time-sharing|timeshared]] [[radio frequency]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ-uCwAAQBAJ&dq=TV2+broadcasting+in+Zulu+and+Xhosa+and+TV3+broadcasting+in+Sotho+and+Tswana%2C&pg=PA222|title= 'The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa|first1=William A. |last1=Hachten|first2= C. Anthony|last2=Giffard|publisher=Springer|year=1984|page=222|isbn= 9781349076857}}</ref> The main network, now called TV1, continued to divide its programming equally between English and Afrikaans, as it had before. Both TV2 and TV3 also included selected programmes in English, as the language remained a [[lingua franca]] for urban Black audiences and was the preferred language for many print media outlets targeting this demographic.<ref>{{cite news|title=S. Africa launches TV channel for blacks|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19811230-1.2.24.4|access-date=6 February 2024|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=30 December 1981}}</ref>

In 1985, a new service called TV4 was introduced, offering sports and entertainment programming. It utilised the same frequency as TV2 and TV3, which ceased broadcasting at 9:30 pm each evening.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcQZ1D366t8C&dq=%22TV4%22++&pg=PA68|title=Communication and Democratic Reform in South Africa|first=Robert B.|last=Horwitz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|page= 68|isbn=9781139428699}}</ref> By 1991, the two networks (TV2 and TV3) merged with TV4, creating TV2/3/4, adding more imported entertainment during pre-9pm hours, unbalancing the black programming.<ref>Broadcasting reforms: fine tuning apartheid, Eric Collins, Richard & Louw, 1991</ref>

===As CCV===
In 1992, TV2, TV3, and TV4 were merged into a single unified network called CCV (Contemporary Community Values), operating on the same frequency as TV2.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxB1AAAAMAAJ&q=%22contemporary+community+values%22+sabc |title=South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa |date=1992 |publisher=South African State Department of Information |isbn=978-0-7970-2576-9 |language=en}}</ref> A third network, known as TSS (TopSport Surplus), was also introduced, with TopSport serving as the SABC's brand for sports coverage. TSS used the same frequency as TV3. However, in 1994, TSS was replaced by NNTV (National Network TV), a cultural, non-commercial network.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&q=%22february+11%22++|title=The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation|first1=Malcolm|last1=Theunissen|first2=Victor|last2=Nikitin|first3=Melanie|last3=Pillay|publisher=Advent Graphics|year=1996|page=127|isbn=9780620207867}}</ref> The channel adopted ''Join Our World'' as its slogan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McLairn |first1=Kimberly J. |title=The Voice of Apartheid Goes Multicultural |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 July 1995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526145831/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html |archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref>

===As SABC 1===
In 1996, the SABC reorganised its three television networks to better reflect South Africa's diverse ethnolinguistic groups. The networks were rebranded as SABC 3 (originally TV1), SABC 1 (originally TV2 then CCV-TV), and SABC 1 (originally TV3).<ref name="123SABC">"1, 2, 3, SABC!", ''Africa Film & TV Magazine'', nº. 9, April-June 1996</ref> SABC 1 took over the former CCV network, offering programming in English alongside several national languages. At the time of the rebranding, prime-time programming (18:00 to 21:30) comprised 29% English, 18% [[Zulu language|Zulu]], 18% [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], 1% [[Swazi language|Siswati]], and 1% [[Northern Ndebele language|isiNdebele]], with the remaining third dedicated to "multilingual programming" in two or more languages.

The relaunched SABC 1 marked the first time Siswati and isiNdebele were featured on national television.<ref name="123SABC"/>

The relaunch happened on all three networks on 4 February<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zerbst |first1=Jeff |title=SAA's … sorry, SABC's glittering launch |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1996-02-09-saas-sorry-sabcs-glittering-launch/ |work=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=9 February 1996}}</ref> followed by a full-time change on 5 February.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Golding-Duffy |first1=Jacquie |title=Multitude of voices at new look SABC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1996-02-02-multitude-of-voices-at-new-look-sabc/ |work=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=2 February 1996}}</ref>

On 1 December 1997, SABC 1 introduced a new channel identity used since its 1996 relaunch, while continuing to use Simunye as its slogan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Janet |title=New-look Simunye channel |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-12-05-new-look-simunye-channel/ |work=[[Mail & Guardian]] |date=5 December 1997}}</ref>

The channel introduced a new identity at 5pm<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/ya-mampela-899363 Ya Mampela]</ref> on 18 August 2003, presenting itself as ''Ya Mampela'' (The Real Thing), aiming to solidify its position among an increasingly urban viewing audience.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/ya-mampela-new-sabc1-speaks-language-of-youth-899529 Ya Mampela! New SABC1 speaks language of youth TV's new voices]</ref><ref>[https://variety.com/2003/tv/news/new-look-is-the-real-thing-for-sabc1-1117891272/ New look is ‘The Real Thing’ for SABC1]</ref> A controversial race reversal advertisement (''PF Jones'') appeared to tie in with the relaunch, over time, false information had emerged online that the advert was banned.<ref name="PFJones">[https://www.bizcommunity.africa/Article/410/12/176744.html Favourite African adverts - Wes Phelan]</ref> The slogan was seen with criticism from Zulu king [[Goodwill Zwelithini]], who in February 2005 wanted the channel to ditch the phrase citing "improper use" of the [[Zulu language]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2005/tv/news/south-african-net-tongue-tied-1117917829/ South African net tongue-tied]</ref> The controversial ''PF Jones'' advert, with the channel's slogan appearing at the end, was dropped in the wake of the language controversy.<ref name="PFJones"/>