Editing SD card (section)

== History ==

=== 1999–2005: Creation and introduction of smaller formats ===
In 1999, [[SanDisk]], [[Panasonic]] (then known as Matsushita), and [[Kioxia]] (then part of [[Toshiba]]) agreed to develop and market the Secure Digital (SD) memory card.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpreview.com/articles/6861681955/newmemory|title=Three Giants to develop new "Secure Memory Card"|publisher=DP review|access-date=2016-02-23|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904031748/http://www.dpreview.com/articles/6861681955/newmemory|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="partnership">{{cite web |date=1999-08-24 |title=Matsushita Electric, SanDisk and Toshiba Agree to Join Forces to Develop and Promote Next Generation Secure Memory Card |url=http://www.dpreview.com/articles/6861681955/newmemory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904031748/http://www.dpreview.com/articles/6861681955/newmemory |archive-date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2016-02-23 |publisher=DP Review}}</ref> The card was created as a second-generation successor to the [[MultiMediaCard]] (MMC)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Ben |date=2022-10-25 |title=Flash back: the history of the SD card, and why we think it deserves more love |url=https://www.digitalcameraworld.com/features/flash-back-the-history-of-the-sd-card-and-why-we-think-it-deserves-more-love |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Digital Photography Review}}</ref> and provided [[digital rights management]] (DRM) based on the [[Secure Digital Music Initiative]] (SDMI) standard and a high [[memory density]] ("data/bits per physical space"), i.e. a large quantity of data could be stored in a small physical space.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

SD was designed to compete with the [[Memory Stick]], a flash storage format with DRM [[Sony]] had released the year before. Toshiba hoped the SD card's DRM would encourage music suppliers concerned about piracy to use SD cards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2003_07/pr1701.htm|title=Press Releases 17 July 2003|publisher=Toshiba|date=2003-07-17|access-date=2010-08-22|archive-date=2010-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908075309/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2003_07/pr1701.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The trademarked SD logo was originally developed for the [[Super Density Disc]], which was the unsuccessful Toshiba entry in the [[DVD]] format war. For this reason, the letter "D" is styled to resemble an optical disc.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Odd History of the SD Logo | date=21 January 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeLvdE8lNW4 |access-date=2023-10-25 |language=en}}</ref>

At the 2000 [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES), the three companies announced the creation of the [[SD Association]] (SDA) to promote SD cards. The SD Association, which was headquartered in [[San Ramon, California]], United States, then had 30 member companies and product manufacturers that made interoperable memory cards and devices. Early samples of the SD card<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bitwarsoft.com/what-is-an-sd-card.html |title=What is SD Card |publisher=Bitwarsoft.com |date=2020-07-24 |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181808/https://www.bitwarsoft.com/what-is-an-sd-card.html |url-status=live }}</ref> became available in the first quarter of 2000, and production quantities of 32 and 64 [[megabyte]] (MB){{efn|except where indicated otherwise, 1&nbsp;MB equals one million bytes}} cards became available three months later.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}<!-- found source? <ref>https://www.global.toshiba/ww/news/corporate/2000/01/pr0602.html {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>--> The first 64&nbsp;MB cards were offered for sale for US$200.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xA5vzkW8IDsC&dq=64mb+sd+card+second+quarter+2000&pg=PA40|title=Popular Science|first=Bonnier|last=Corporation|date=August 27, 2000|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|via=Google Books}}</ref> SD was envisioned as a single memory card format for several kinds of electronic devices that could also function as an expansion slot for adding new capabilities for a device.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW7ZIgUJwSMC&dq=64mb+sd+card+second+quarter+2000&pg=PA90|title=Popular Science|first=Bonnier|last=Corporation|date=May 27, 2000|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|via=Google Books}}</ref> The first 256&nbsp;MB and 512&nbsp;MB SD cards were announced in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.dpreview.com/articles/9501387485/sdmmc256mb512mb | title=256 and 512 MB MMC / SD cards }}</ref>

==== miniSD ====
[[File:MiniSD memory card including adapter.jpg|thumb|MiniSD memory card including adapter]]

At March 2003 [[CeBIT]], SanDisk Corporation introduced, announced and demonstrated the '''miniSD''' form factor.<ref name="miniSD_announcement">[http://www.sandisk.com/Corporate/PressRoom/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx?ID=1536 SanDisk Introduces The World's Smallest Removable Flash Card For Mobile Phones-The miniSD Card] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114232017/http://www.sandisk.com/Corporate/PressRoom/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx?ID=1536 |date=2009-01-14 }} SanDisk.com</ref> The SDA adopted the miniSD card in 2003 as a small-form-factor extension to the SD card standard. While the new cards were designed for mobile phones, they were usually packaged with a miniSD adapter that provided compatibility with a standard SD memory card slot.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==== microSD ====
[[File:Samsung Galaxy A02s microSD slot.JPG|thumb|microSD card inserted on a [[smartphone]]]]
'''MicroSD''' form-factor memory cards were introduced in 2004 by SanDisk at CeBIT<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0403/22/news002.html|title=HD録画のカムコーダ、DVD-R内蔵ミニノート……会場で見かけた新製品|date=March 22, 2004|website=ITmedia NEWS|access-date=February 12, 2024|archive-date=September 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911012959/https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0403/22/news002.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and originally called T-Flash,<ref>{{cite news |title=T-Flash: aka 'Yet Another Memory Card Format' |first=Peter |last=Rojas |date=2 March 2004 |journal=[[Engadget]] |url=https://www.engadget.com/2004/03/02/t-flash-aka-yet-another-memory-card-format/ |access-date=2 May 2019 |archive-date=2 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502064324/https://www.engadget.com/2004/03/02/t-flash-aka-yet-another-memory-card-format/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and later TransFlash,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2004 |title=SanDisk releases new memory cards |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/sandisk-releases-new-memory-cards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222023250/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/sandisk-releases-new-memory-cards/ |archive-date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=CNET}}</ref> commonly abbreviated to "TF". T-Flash was renamed microSD in 2005 when it was adopted by the SDA.<ref>
{{cite web | url=https://www.theregister.com/2005/07/14/transflash_is_microsd/ | title=TransFlash becomes MicroSD | access-date=2024-02-03 | archive-date=2024-09-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911012959/https://www.theregister.com/2005/07/14/transflash_is_microsd/ | url-status=live }}
</ref> TransFlash and microSD cards are functionally identical, allowing either to operate in devices made for the other.<ref name="Phonescoop">{{cite web |url=https://www.phonescoop.com/articles/article.php?a=801 |title=SanDisk Reveals Tiny New Memory Cards for Phones |publisher=Phonescoop.com |date=28 February 2004 |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722005048/http://www.phonescoop.com/articles/article.php?a=801 |url-status=live }}</ref> A passive adapter allows the use of microSD and TransFlash cards in SD card slots.<ref name="Phonescoop"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ko.com.ua/cebit_2004_nastraivaemsya_na_volnu_budushhego_16835|title=CeBIT 2004: "Настраиваемся на волну будущего" &#124; Статьи &#124; Компьютерное Обозрение|website=ko.com.ua|access-date=2024-02-12|archive-date=2024-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911013022/https://ko.com.ua/cebit_2004_nastraivaemsya_na_volnu_budushhego_16835|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2006–2008: SDHC and SDIO ===
[[File:8 bytes vs. 8Gbytes.jpg|thumb|This microSDHC card holds 8 billion bytes. Beneath it is a section of a [[magnetic-core memory]] (used until the 1970s) that holds eight bytes using 64 cores. The card covers approximately 20 bits ({{frac|2|1|2}} bytes).]]

In September 2006, SanDisk announced the 4&nbsp;GB miniSDHC.<ref name="miniSDHC_announcement">[http://www.sandisk.com/Corporate/PressRoom/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx?ID=3530 SanDisk Introduces 4&nbsp;GB miniSDHC Flash Card for Mobile Phones] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115110619/http://www.sandisk.com/Corporate/PressRoom/PressReleases/PressRelease.aspx?ID=3530 |date=2009-01-15 }} SanDisk.com</ref> Like the SD and SDHC, the miniSDHC card has the same form factor as the older miniSD card but the HC card requires HC support built into the host device.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Devices that support miniSDHC work with miniSD and miniSDHC, but devices without specific support for miniSDHC work only with the older miniSD card. Since 2008, miniSD cards are no longer produced, due to market domination of the even smaller microSD cards.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

=== 2009–2019: SDXC ===
[[File:MicroSDXC.64GB.P1127589.jpg|thumb|right|Macro shot of a microSDXC memory card with eight gold plated electrical contacts]]

The storage density of memory cards increased significantly{{quantify|by how much?|date=June 2023}} throughout the 2010s, allowing the earliest devices to offer support for the SD:XC standard, such as the [[Samsung Galaxy S III]] and [[Samsung Galaxy Note II]] mobile phones, to expand their available storage to several hundreds of [[gigabyte]]s.

In January 2009, the SDA announced the SDXC family, which supports cards up to 2&nbsp;TB{{efn|name="here, 1&nbsp;TB = 1024"|reference=here, 1&nbsp;TB = 1024<sup>4</sup> B}} and speeds up to 300&nbsp;MB/s.<ref>{{cite web |title=SDXC SIGNALS NEW GENERATION OF REMOVABLE MEMORY WITH UP TO 2 TERABYTES OF STORAGE |url=https://www.sdcard.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SD_Association_Announces_SDXC_Revised_1-7-09.pdf |website=sdcard.org |publisher=SD Association |access-date=30 December 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911012842/https://www.sdcard.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SD_Association_Announces_SDXC_Revised_1-7-09.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> SDXC cards are formatted with the [[exFAT]] file system by default.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-11 |title=Capacity (SD/SDHC/SDXC/SDUC) {{!}} SD Association |url=https://www.sdcard.org/developers/sd-standard-overview/capacity-sd-sdhc-sdxc-sduc/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=sdcard.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308120216/https://www.sdcard.org/developers/sd-standard-overview/capacity-sd-sdhc-sdxc-sduc/ |url-status=live}}</ref> SDXC was announced at the [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES) 2009 (January 7–10). At the same show, [[SanDisk]] and [[Sony]] also announced a comparable [[Memory Stick XC]] variant with the same 2&nbsp;TB{{efn|name="here, 1&nbsp;TB = 1024"}} maximum as SDXC,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2009/2009-01-07-sandisk-and-sony-to-expand-%E2%80%9Cmemory-stick-pro%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9Cmemory-stick-micro%E2%80%9D-formats |title= SanDisk and Sony to expand Memory Stick Pro and Memory Stick Micro formats |publisher= SanDisk |date= 2009-01-07 |access-date= 2010-08-22 |archive-date= 2010-01-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100107054251/http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2009/2009-01-07-sandisk-and-sony-to-expand-%E2%80%9Cmemory-stick-pro%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9Cmemory-stick-micro%E2%80%9D-formats |url-status= live}}</ref> and [[Panasonic]] announced plans to produce 64&nbsp;GB SDXC cards.<ref name="betanews_2t_sdxc">{{cite web |last=Mook |first=Nate |date=2009-01-08 |title=SD Card, Memory Stick formats to reach 2 terabytes, but when? |url=https://betanews.com/2009/01/08/sd-card-memory-stick-formats-to-reach-2-terabytes-but-when |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=Beta news |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309234452/https://betanews.com/2009/01/08/sd-card-memory-stick-formats-to-reach-2-terabytes-but-when/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On March 6, Pretec introduced the first SDXC card,<ref name="dpreview pretec sdxc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/0903/09030601pretecsdxc.asp |title= Pretec introduces world's first SDXC card |work= Digital Photography Review |date= 2009-03-06 |access-date= 2010-08-22 |archive-date= 2010-08-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100821022647/http://www.dpreview.com/news/0903/09030601pretecsdxc.asp |url-status= live}}</ref> a 32&nbsp;GB card with a read/write speed of 400&nbsp;Mbit/s. But only early in 2010 did compatible host devices come onto the market, including [[Sony]]'s [[Handycam]] HDR-CX55V [[camcorder]], [[Canon (company)|Canon]]'s [[Canon EOS 550D|EOS 550D]] (also known as Rebel T2i) Digital SLR camera,<ref name="The-Digital-Picture.com-T2i_500D">{{cite web| title= Canon EOS Rebel T2i/550D Digital SLR Camera Review| url= http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Press-Release/Canon-EOS-Rebel-T2i-550D-Digital-SLR-Camera-Press-Release.aspx| publisher= The Digital Picture| access-date= 2010-02-09| archive-date= 2010-02-11| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100211220305/http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Press-Release/Canon-EOS-Rebel-T2i-550D-Digital-SLR-Camera-Press-Release.aspx| url-status= live}}</ref> a USB card reader from Panasonic, and an integrated SDXC card reader from JMicron.<ref name="JMicron">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Lack+of+Card+Readers+Holding+Back+SDXC+Flash+Memory+Adoption/article16915.htm |title=Lack of Card Readers Holding Back SDXC Flash Memory Adoption |access-date=2009-12-22 |last=Ng |first=Jansen |date=2009-11-24 |publisher=[[DailyTech]] |archive-date=2007-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611074105/http://www.dailytech.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The earliest laptops to integrate SDXC card readers relied on a USB 2.0 bus, which does not have the bandwidth to support SDXC at full speed.<ref name="Laptops">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Lenovo+HP+Dell+Integrating+SDXC+Readers+in+New+32nm+Intel+Arrandale+Laptops/article16937.htm |title=Lenovo, HP, Dell Integrating SDXC Readers in New 32nm Intel "Arrandale" Laptops |access-date=2009-12-22 |last=Ng |first=Jansen |date=2009-11-30 |publisher=[[DailyTech]] |archive-date=2015-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101030411/http://www.dailytech.com/Lenovo+HP+Dell+Integrating+SDXC+Readers+in+New+32nm+Intel+Arrandale+Laptops/article16937.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In early 2010, commercial SDXC cards appeared from [[Toshiba]] (64&nbsp;GB),<ref name="DailyTech">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Toshiba+Sampling+First+SDXC+Flash+Memory+Cards/article16972.htm |title=Toshiba Sampling First SDXC Flash Memory Cards |access-date=2009-12-22 |last=Ng |first=Jansen |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=[[DailyTech]] |archive-date=2010-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125031137/http://www.dailytech.com/Toshiba+Sampling+First+SDXC+Flash+Memory+Cards/article16972.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CrunchGear">{{cite web |url=http://www.crunchgear.com/2010/04/15/toshibas-64gb-sdxc-card-to-finally-go-on-sale-in-japan/ |title=Toshiba's 64&nbsp;GB SDXC card to finally go on sale (in Japan) |access-date=2010-08-09 |publisher=[[CrunchGear]] |archive-date=2010-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701214307/http://www.crunchgear.com/2010/04/15/toshibas-64gb-sdxc-card-to-finally-go-on-sale-in-japan/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Panasonic (64&nbsp;GB and 48&nbsp;GB),<ref name="Panasonic">{{cite web |url=http://www2.panasonic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/prModelDetail?storeId=11301&catalogId=13251&itemId=389511&modelNo=Content01052010041118461&surfModel=Content01052010041118461 |title=Panasonic Introduces New 64&nbsp;GB* and 48&nbsp;GB* SDXC Memory Cards, Available Globally in February 2010 |access-date=2010-08-09 |publisher=[[Panasonic]] |archive-date=2010-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421194326/http://www2.panasonic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/prModelDetail?storeId=11301&catalogId=13251&itemId=389511&modelNo=Content01052010041118461&surfModel=Content01052010041118461 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and SanDisk (64&nbsp;GB).<ref name="SanDisk">{{cite web |date=2010-02-22 |url=http://sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2010/2010-02-22-sandisk-ships-its-highest-capacity-sd-card-ever,-the-64gb-sandisk-ultra-sdxc-card |title=Sandisk ships its highest capacity sd card ever |access-date=2010-08-09 |publisher=[[SanDisk]] |archive-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113193538/http://sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2010/2010-02-22-sandisk-ships-its-highest-capacity-sd-card-ever,-the-64gb-sandisk-ultra-sdxc-card |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In early 2011, [[Centon Electronics, Inc.]] (64&nbsp;GB and 128&nbsp;GB) and [[Lexar]] (128&nbsp;GB) began shipping SDXC cards rated at Speed Class 10.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conneally |first=Tim |date=2011-03-16 |title=Lexar ships 128 GB Class 10 SDXC card; March 2011 |url=https://betanews.com/2011/03/16/lexar-ships-first-128gb-sdxc-cards |access-date=2024-01-22 |publisher=Betanews.com |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111195250/https://betanews.com/2011/03/16/lexar-ships-first-128gb-sdxc-cards/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Pretec offered cards from 8&nbsp;GB to 128&nbsp;GB rated at Speed Class 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pretec.com/news-event/press-room/item/root/sdxcsdhc-433x-c16 |title=SDXC/SDHC 433X Class 16 Card from Pretec |publisher=Pretec |date=2011-06-13 |access-date=2010-12-03 |archive-date=2011-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129134013/http://www.pretec.com/news-event/press-room/item/root/sdxcsdhc-433x-c16 |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2011, SanDisk released a 64&nbsp;GB microSDXC card.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://pocketnow.com/smartphone-news/first-64gb-microsd-card-arrives-when-will-smartphones-support |title=First 64GB microSD Card Here; When Will Smartphones Support It? |newspaper=Pocket now |date=7 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-date=11 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011085002/http://pocketnow.com/smartphone-news/first-64gb-microsd-card-arrives-when-will-smartphones-support |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kingmax released a comparable product in 2011.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/05/26/kingmax-flaunts-worlds-first-64gb-microsd-card/ |title=Kingmax flaunts world's first 64&nbsp;GB microSD card |newspaper=Engadget |date=2011-05-26 |access-date=2024-09-11 |archive-date=2017-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625180558/https://www.engadget.com/2011/05/26/kingmax-flaunts-worlds-first-64gb-microsd-card/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2012, Panasonic introduced [[MicroP2]] card format for professional video applications. The cards are essentially full-size SDHC or SDXC UHS-II cards, rated at UHS Speed Class U1.<ref name="www2.panasonic.com">{{cite web |url=http://www2.panasonic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/prModelDetail?storeId=11301&catalogId=13251&itemId=696010&modelNo=Content03202013033731832&surfModel=Content03202013033731832 |title=For Journalists |publisher=.panasonic.com |date=2013-03-20 |access-date=2014-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526104856/http://www2.panasonic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/prModelDetail?storeId=11301&catalogId=13251&itemId=696010&modelNo=Content03202013033731832&surfModel=Content03202013033731832 |archive-date=2013-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pro-av.panasonic.net/en/sales_o/p2/microP2/ |title=microP2 Card {{pipe}} P2 Series {{pipe}} Broadcast and Professional AV |publisher=Pro-av.panasonic.net |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-date=2014-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107220225/http://pro-av.panasonic.net/en/sales_o/p2/microP2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> An adapter allows MicroP2 cards to work in current [[P2 (storage media)|P2 card]] equipment.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lawler |first=Richard |url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/15/panasonic-introduces-new-microp2-sd-sized-storage-at-nab-2012/ |title=Panasonic introduces new microP2 SD-sized storage at NAB 2012 |publisher=Engadget.com |date=2012-04-15 |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219022107/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/15/panasonic-introduces-new-microp2-sd-sized-storage-at-nab-2012/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Panasonic MicroP2 cards shipped in March 2013 and were the first UHS-II compliant products on market; initial offer includes a 32&nbsp;GB SDHC card and a 64&nbsp;GB SDXC card.<ref name="www2.panasonic.com"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Renée |first=V |url=http://nofilmschool.com/2013/03/panasonic-microp2-card-april-release/ |title=Panasonic's New Smaller, Faster, and Lower-Cost MicroP2 Cards Coming in April, Starting at $250 « No Film School |date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Nofilmschool.com |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-date=2013-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229102628/http://nofilmschool.com/2013/03/panasonic-microp2-card-april-release/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Later that year, Lexar released the first 256&nbsp;GB SDXC card, based on 20&nbsp;nm [[NAND flash]] technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lexar Announces Industry's First 256&nbsp;GB SDXC UHS-I Memory Card|url=http://www.lexar.com/about/newsroom/press-releases/lexar-announces-industry-s-first-256gb-sdxc-uhs-i-memory-card|publisher=Micron|access-date=22 December 2012|archive-date=29 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129122438/http://www.lexar.com/about/newsroom/press-releases/lexar-announces-industry-s-first-256gb-sdxc-uhs-i-memory-card|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2014, SanDisk introduced the first 128&nbsp;GB microSDXC card,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2014/sandisk-introduces-worlds-highest-capacity-microsdxc-memory-card-at-128&nbsp;gb/|title=SANDISK INTRODUCES WORLD'S HIGHEST CAPACITY microSDXC MEMORY CARD AT 128GB|last=SanDisk|website=sandisk.com}}</ref> which was followed by a 200&nbsp;GB microSDXC card in March 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2015/200gb-sandisk-ultra-microsdxc-uhs-i-card-premium-edition/ |publisher=SanDisk.com |title=SanDisk introduces the first 200GB microSDXC card |date=2014-02-24 |access-date=2016-06-06 |archive-date=2015-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901074355/http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2015/200gb-sandisk-ultra-microsdxc-uhs-i-card-premium-edition/ |url-status=live}}</ref> September 2014 saw SanDisk announce the first 512&nbsp;GB SDXC card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandisk.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2014/sandisk-premieres-worlds-highest-capacity-sd-card-for-high-performance-video-and-photo-capture|title=SanDisk Premieres World's Highest Capacity SD Card for High Performance Video and Photo Capture|last=SanDisk|website=sandisk.com|access-date=2016-09-20|archive-date=2017-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118081201/https://www.sandisk.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2014/sandisk-premieres-worlds-highest-capacity-sd-card-for-high-performance-video-and-photo-capture|url-status=live}}</ref>

Samsung announced the world's first EVO Plus 256&nbsp;GB microSDXC card in May 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-introduces-the-evo-plus-256gb-microsd-card-with-the-highest-capacity-in-its-class |publisher=news.samsung.com |title=Samsung Electronics Introduces the EVO Plus 256 GB MicroSD Card, with the Highest Capacity in its Class |date=2016-05-10 |access-date=2016-06-06 |archive-date=2016-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808115631/https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-introduces-the-evo-plus-256gb-microsd-card-with-the-highest-capacity-in-its-class |url-status=live}}</ref> and in September 2016 [[Western Digital]] (SanDisk) announced that a prototype of the first 1&nbsp;TB{{efn|reference=except where stated otherwise, in this article 1&nbsp;TB = 1000 billion bytes}} SDXC card would be demonstrated at [[Photokina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandisk.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2016/western-digital-demonstrates-prototype-of-the-worlds-first-1terabyte-SDXC-card|title=Western Digital Demonstrates Prototype of the World's First 1Terabyte SDXC Card|last=SanDisk|website=sandisk.com|access-date=2016-09-20|archive-date=2017-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118081253/https://www.sandisk.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2016/western-digital-demonstrates-prototype-of-the-worlds-first-1terabyte-SDXC-card|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2017, SanDisk launched a 400&nbsp;GB microSDXC card.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/11793/western-digital-launches-sandisk-ultra-microsd-card-with-400-gb-capacity|title=Western Digital Launches SanDisk Ultra microSD Card with 400 GB Capacity|first=Anton|last=Shilov|access-date=2024-09-11|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831223632/http://www.anandtech.com/show/11793/western-digital-launches-sandisk-ultra-microsd-card-with-400-gb-capacity|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2018, Integral Memory unveiled its 512&nbsp;GB microSDXC card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/1/22/16921108/integral-memory-512gb-microsd-card-largest-ever-memory-storage|title=Integral Memory's new 512GB microSD card is the biggest microSD card yet|last=Integral Memory|website=theverge.com|date=22 January 2018|access-date=2018-06-10|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141951/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/1/22/16921108/integral-memory-512gb-microsd-card-largest-ever-memory-storage|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, [[PNY Technologies|PNY]] launched a 512&nbsp;GB microSDXC card. In June 2018 [[Kingston Technology|Kingston]] announced its Canvas series of microSD cards which were capable of capacities up to 512&nbsp;GB,{{efn|name="GiB"|reference=here, 1&nbsp;GB = 1 [[Byte#Units based on powers of 2|GiB]] = 2<sup>30</sup> B}}<!--GiB--> in three variations, Select, Go! and React.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingston.com/en/company/press/article/50267?ArticleTitle=Kingston%20Digital%20Announces%20New%20%E2%80%98Canvas%E2%80%99%20Series%20of%20Flash%20Cards%20-%20(12%20March)|title=Kingston Digital Announces New 'Canvas' Series of Flash Cards|publisher=Kingston Technology Europe Co LLP|last=Kingston|access-date=2018-11-19|archive-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120000/https://www.kingston.com/en/company/press/article/50267?ArticleTitle=Kingston%20Digital%20Announces%20New%20%E2%80%98Canvas%E2%80%99%20Series%20of%20Flash%20Cards%20-%20(12%20March)|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2019, [[Micron Technology|Micron]] and [[SanDisk]] unveiled their microSDXC cards of 1&nbsp;TB capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/15/18626729/sandisks-1tb-microsd-card-available-b-h-photo-amazon-price|title=SanDisk's 1TB microSD card is now available|website=theverge.com|date=15 May 2019|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617090004/https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/15/18626729/sandisks-1tb-microsd-card-available-b-h-photo-amazon-price|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2022, [[Kioxia]] unveiled a microSDXC card of 2&nbsp;TB capacity.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Представлена первая в мире карта памяти MicroSDXC ёмкостью 2 ТБ |url=https://www.ixbt.com/news/2022/09/29/predstavlena-pervaja-v-mira-karta-pamjati-microsdxc-jomkostju-2-tb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112031849/https://www.ixbt.com/news/2022/09/29/predstavlena-pervaja-v-mira-karta-pamjati-microsdxc-jomkostju-2-tb.html |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=2025-04-03 |date=2022-09-29 |website=iXBT.com |language=ru-RU |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2019–present: SDUC ===
The Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) format supports cards up to 128&nbsp;TB{{efn|name="here, 1&nbsp;TB = 1024"}} and offers speeds up to 985&nbsp;MB/s.

In April 2024, [[Western Digital]] (SanDisk) revealed the world's first 4&nbsp;TB SD card at [[NAB Show|NAB 2024]], which will make use of the SDUC format. It is set to release in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2024 |title=Western Digital Showcases New Super Speeds and Massive Capacities for M&E Workflows at NAB 2024 |url=https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/2024-04-11-western-digital-showcases-new-super-speeds-and-massive-capacities-at-nab-2024 |access-date= |website=westerndigital.com |archive-date=2024-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911012946/https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/2024-04-11-western-digital-showcases-new-super-speeds-and-massive-capacities-at-nab-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>