Editing SNFU (section)

==History==

===Early years, ''...And No One Else Wanted to Play'' (1981–1985)===
[[Ken Chinn]] met twin brothers [[Brent Belke|Brent]] and [[Marc Belke]] in Edmonton in the late 1970s.  The three were teenagers who shared interests in the [[skateboard]]ing subculture and burgeoning punk rock movement.<ref name=doc />  They formed the punk band Live Sex Shows with drummer Ed Dobek and bassist Phil Larson in 1981,<ref name=doc /> which broke up later that year after a few gigs.

Chinn and the Belkes began a new group, Society's No Fucking Use, shortened to Society's NFU.<ref name=walter>[[Chris Walter (author)|Walter, Chris]]. ''...What No One Else Wanted to Say,'' second edition.  Vancouver: GFY Press, 2014, pg. 21</ref>  Bassist Warren Bidlock and drummer Evan C. Jones completed the initial lineup.  After a few months of gigging, Bidlock departed due to stage fright.<ref name=walterthirtyone>Walter 2014: 31</ref>  The group recorded a two-song demo cassette, "Life of a Bag Lady", with guest bassist Scott Juskiw.<ref name=walterthirtyone />

Jimmy Schmitz replaced Bidlock late in 1982, and the group adopted the SNFU moniker.  Two studio tracks on the ''It Came From Inner Space'' compilation LP on Rubber Records followed early in 1983 (songs re-released in 1990 on the ''Real Men Don't Watch Quincy'' bootleg 7-inch).<ref name=walterthirtyone />  SNFU built an audience throughout North America via their aggressive live set, support of touring acts such as [[Youth Brigade (band)|Youth Brigade]], the [[Dead Kennedys]], [[Dayglo Abortions]] and [[Charged GBH|GBH]],<ref>Walter 2014: 40</ref> and the track "Victims of the Womanizer" on US label [[BYO Records]]' ''Something to Believe In'' compilation LP.

They recorded their debut album, ''[[...And No One Else Wanted to Play]]'', in [[Los Angeles]] late in 1984, which BYO released the following year.  The album made an impact in the underground punk scene, with noted artist [[Pushead]] writing in ''[[Maximumrocknroll]]'' that the band's "[r]igorous energy push[es] the limits of power with knocking flurry and extreme excitement."<ref name=mrr>[[Pushead]].  Album review.  ''[[Maximumrocknroll]]'' issue 23, March 1, 1985.</ref>  Pushead concluded that the album was "a scorcher."<ref name=mrr />

===''If You Swear, You'll Catch No Fish'' and ''Better Than a Stick in the Eye'' (1985–1989)===
Jones left the band due to exhaustion in mid 1985, and Schmitz departed in May.<ref>Walter 2014: 57</ref>  Dave Bacon joined as bassist, while [[Jon Card]] (previously of [[Personality Crisis (band)|Personality Crisis]], and later of [[D.O.A. (band)|D.O.A]] and [[Subhumans (Canadian band)|the Subhumans]]) moved to Edmonton and joined as drummer.  With the new lineup, the group toured North America. They released the comparatively experimental album<ref>Walter 2014: 75</ref> ''[[If You Swear, You'll Catch No Fish]]'' in 1986 via BYO.  Card left the band after the album's completion.<ref>Walter 2014: 74</ref>  With drummer Ted Simm, SNFU self-released the ''[[She's Not on the Menu]]'' 7-inch EP, which also included the "Life of a Bag Lady" recordings from 1982.  Bacon departed in early 1987 due to musical differences and health concerns.<ref>Walter 2014: 89</ref>  [[Curtis Creager]] (of Urban Holiday), a former roommate of Chinn and Marc Belke, replaced him.

The band's popularity steadily increased. ''[[Flipside (fanzine)|Flipside]]'' [[fanzine]] voted them Best Live Band in 1987 over the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] and [[Fugazi (band)|Fugazi]].  [[Metallica]] included photos of lead singer [[James Hetfield]] wearing SNFU's iconic 'zombie' T-shirt in their ''[[The $5.98 E.P. - Garage Days Re-Revisited]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/culture/story.html?id=084b3ec6-7f47-4207-86cc-8d2e866f6fc7|title=SNFU's zombie shirt lives on|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|access-date=March 10, 2012|date=May 3, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108110925/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/culture/story.html?id=084b3ec6-7f47-4207-86cc-8d2e866f6fc7|archive-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>  SNFU toured alongside [[Voivod (band)|Voivod]] and the [[Dayglo Abortions]], and signed to [[Cargo Records (Canada)|Cargo Records]].<ref>Walter 2014: 95</ref>  Cecil English produced their third record, ''[[Better Than a Stick in the Eye]]'', which was issued in 1988 and remains influential among hardcore punk audiences.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jeffries|first=Vincent|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/better-than-a-stick-in-the-eye-mw0000264613|title=''Better Than a Stick in the Eye'' - SNFU|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/retrospective-review-snfu-and-no-one-else-wanted-to-play/|title=RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW: SNFU - ''...And No One Else Wanted to Play''|magazine=[[Vice (magazine)|Noisey]]|date=December 2, 2014|access-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref>  The supporting tour included the group's first trip to Europe.

Due to internal tensions and musical differences, they disbanded in late 1989.<ref name=doc /><ref>Walter 2014: 99</ref>  Simm returned to [[Winnipeg]], while the Belkes and Creager formed the [[Wheat Chiefs]] (which the Belkes would keep active until 1998).  Chinn moved to Vancouver and led The Wongs and Little Joe, both short-lived.  Chinn also became open about his homosexuality, thereafter being an advocate for queer identity.<ref name=doc /><ref name=fer>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/article-ferocious-snfu-singer-chi-pig-led-the-hardcore-punk-scene/|title=Ferocious SNFU singer Chi Pig led the hardcore punk scene|first=Jana G.|last=Pruden|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=July 20, 2020|access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref>

===Reformation, Epitaph years (1991–1998)===
To satisfy their contract with Cargo, in 1991 SNFU released ''[[The Last of the Big Time Suspenders]]'', comprising live, demo, and studio-outtake tracks.<ref name=doc />  The Belkes, Chinn, Creager, and Card reformed the band, initially planning only a supporting promotional tour.<ref name=doc /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-12-vl-231-story.html|title=MUSIC SNFU: Not Negative|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 21, 1991|access-date=September 14, 2012}}</ref>  The tour was successful, however, and they reactivated the band several months later.<ref name=doc />

The Belkes joined Chinn, Card, and new bassist [[Ken Fleming (musician)|Ken Fleming]] (formerly of the Winnipeg-based skate punk band The Unwanted) in Vancouver in June 1992.  But Card suffered from substance abuse problems,<ref>Walter 2014: 132</ref> and [[Dave Rees]] (formerly of the Wheat Chiefs and SNFU tour mates Broken Smile) replaced him in October. This lineup completed an extensive European tour.  The members dismissed Fleming late that year due to personality conflicts;<ref>Walter 2014: 134</ref> Wheat Chiefs bassist [[Rob Johnson (musician)|Rob Johnson]] joined thereafter.

In 1993, the band signed a three-record deal with [[Epitaph Records]], an independent label on the cusp of mainstream success through [[The Offspring]] and [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]].  SNFU entered a period of heavy activity.  They released two demos for their next album as the "[[Beautiful, Unlike You and I]]" EP on Hom Wreckerds Music.  The album, ''[[Something Green and Leafy This Way Comes]]'', appeared in 1993.  Their music from this era was increasingly melodic, influenced by new directions in [[punk rock#Pop-punk and mainstream success|third-wave punk]] that they themselves helped to develop.<ref name=doc />  They toured with [[Green Day]] and [[Bad Religion]]<ref>Walter 2014: 163</ref> and received opening support from [[Korn]] and [[Tool (band)|Tool]].<ref name=doc />

In 1995, the band released ''[[The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed]]''.  They hoped the record would succeed comparably to other third-wave punk albums, but it did not chart.<ref>Walter 2014: 137</ref>  Nonetheless, critics acknowledge it as a "classic of '90s punk"<ref name=pn>{{cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/review/13594/snfu-the-one-voted-most-likely-to-succeed|title=SNFU - ''The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed''|publisher=Punknews.org|date=June 11, 2015|access-date=January 13, 2016}}</ref> in which the veteran musicians "handle the record's more difficult material with grace and power."<ref>{{cite web|last=Jeffries|first=Vincent|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-one-voted-most-likely-to-succeed-mw0000628127|title=''The One Voted Most Likely to Succeed'' - SNFU|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>  The band released the [[Dave Ogilvie]]-produced follow-up ''[[FYULABA]]'' in 1996, which received mixed reviews.<ref name=dd>{{cite magazine|url=http://dropd.com/issue/37/CD/SNFU/|title=CD Review: SNFU, ''FYULABA''|magazine=Drop D Magazine|access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jeffries|first=Vincent|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/fyulaba-mw0000072969|title=''FYULABA'' - SNFU|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>

Epitaph did not renew the band's contract after it expired late in 1997.<ref name=doc />  As a stopgap, SNFU issued ''[[Let's Get It Right the First Time]]'', a faux-live album<ref>Walter 2014: 177</ref> co-released by [[Megaforce Records]] and their own Rake Records.  In March 1998, Rees and Brent Belke both departed to pursue careers in film and television.

===As four-piece, ''In the Meantime and In-Between Time'' (1998–2005)===
Despite industry frustrations and lost members, Chinn, Johnson, and Marc Belke opted to continue.  Drummer [[Sean Stubbs]] (of [[Numb (band)|Numb]], [[Jakalope]], and [[Bif Naked]]'s band) completed their first four-piece lineup.  They continued to tour and began sporadic work on a new record, which would ultimately take six years.  Chris Thompson (known as Corporal Ninny) replaced Stubbs in 1999.  They released ''[[The Ping Pong EP]]'', comprising five ''FYULABA'' outtakes, in 2000 via [[Alternative Tentacles]].  The band also recorded sessions with guest drummer [[Trevor MacGregor]] (of [[Treble Charger]]), later to appear on their seventh studio album.

In June 2001, Johnson left after a nine-year tenure.<ref name=waltertwoeleven>Walter 2014: 211</ref> [[Matt Warhurst]] (of Ocean 3 and [[Jakalope]]) replaced him for a single gig, until Thompson departed and the band began a hiatus that would ultimately last two years.<ref name=waltertwoeleven />  During the hiatus, Belke led Based On a True Story, also with Warhurst, before relocating to [[Toronto]].<ref name=doc />  Chinn formed Slaveco. with Warhurst and several musicians from Ocean 3 and Based On a True Story.

SNFU resumed in May 2003 with Marc Belke, Chinn, MacGregor, Warhurst, and producer Pete Wonsiak completing the new record.  Rake Records released the album, ''[[In the Meantime and In Between Time]]'', the following year.  Critics heralded it as a return to form, with some ranking it among their finest work.<ref>Walter 2014: 210</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hour.ca/2004/10/28/in-the-meantime-and-in-between-time/|title=SNFU - ''In the Meantime and In Between Time''|newspaper=Hour Community|date=October 28, 2004|access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>  The song "Cockatoo Quill" placed among the top 20 most beloved Canadian songs in a 2017 [[CBC Music]] poll.<ref name=cbc />  [[Shane Smith (drummer)|Shane Smith]] (of Ocean 3, Based On a True Story, and Slaveco.) joined for touring in support of the album.

In August 2005, the group again disbanded due to industry frustrations and internal tensions.  Belke began working in radio, hosting his own show.<ref>Walter 2014: 235</ref>  Chinn's severe health problems escalated, and he became homeless for a time before entering into assisted living.<ref name=doc /><ref>Walter 2014: 238</ref>

===Second reformation, ''Never Trouble Trouble Until Trouble Troubles You'' (2007–2013)===
[[File:Jsethcard2.jpg|left|Veteran drummer [[Jon Card]] served three stints with the band.|thumb|200px]]
In July 2007, Chinn and Fleming planned to play a set of SNFU songs as "asSNFU" at SNFU's 25th anniversary party.  With Fleming on guitar, they recruited bassist Bryan McCallum (of Karen Foster) and drummer Chad Mareels (of Fleming's Dog Eat Dogma).  asSNFU played a small handful of concerts thereafter before dropping the "as" prefix and billing themselves as simply "SNFU."  The continuation in the absence of Belke caused minor controversy;<ref name=doc /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nowtoronto.com/music/story.cfm?content=174122|title=Old punks never die|magazine=NOW Magazine|access-date=March 10, 2012|date=March 17–24, 2010}}</ref><ref>Walter 2014: 240</ref>  but Chinn stated, "As far as I’m concerned it’s SNFU. The band has changed all throughout the years, and this is just another change.  [...] Those songs are my life. I’ll fucking play them ‘til I die."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://vueweekly.com/article.php?id=8447|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728194748/http://vueweekly.com/article.php?id=8447|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 28, 2012|title=SNFU|newspaper=Vue Weekly|access-date=March 12, 2012|date=April 30, 2008}}</ref>  Denis Nowoselski replaced McCallum in 2008, and Smith later returned to replace Mareels.  The group embarked on their heaviest activity since the Epitaph years, which included Canadian and European tours.

''Open Your Mouth and Say... Mr. Chi Pig'', a [[documentary film]] about Chinn, debuted in March 2010.  Produced by the Canadian company Prairie Coast Films and directed by Sean Patrick Shaul, it focused on Chinn, including his drug abuse and [[schizophrenia]].<ref name=doc /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.razorcake.org/site/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=21267|title=''Razorcake'' punk music video reviews|magazine=Razorcake|access-date=March 10, 2012|date=November 24, 2009}}</ref>  It featured interviews with [[Jello Biafra]] of the Dead Kennedys, [[Brendan Canning]] of [[Broken Social Scene]], [[Corb Lund]] of the [[Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans]] and [[The Smalls]], and [[Joey Keithley]] of D.O.A.<ref name=doc />  In April, Jon Card joined the band for a third time,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riotfest.org/news/2010/apr/07/jon-card-rejoins-snfu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024739/http://www.riotfest.org/news/2010/apr/07/jon-card-rejoins-snfu/|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 20, 2011|title=Jon Card rejoins SNFU|publisher=[[Riot Fest]]|access-date=March 10, 2012|date=April 7, 2010}}</ref> replacing Smith.  Shortly thereafter, they completed their first five-piece lineup in 12 years by adding guitarist and vocalist [[Sean Colig]] (of Minority, Savannah, and SideSixtySeven).

Chinn's severe case of [[pneumonia]] led many 2011 dates to be canceled.<ref>Walter 2014: 257</ref>  The group nonetheless remained active, composing its first new material since reforming.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.whistlerquestion.com/article/20100519/WHISTLER04/305199948/1014/WHISTLER04/snfu-is-back-and-ready-to-record|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525081604/http://www.whistlerquestion.com/article/20100519/WHISTLER04/305199948/1014/WHISTLER04/snfu-is-back-and-ready-to-record|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 25, 2010|title=SNFU is back and ready to record|newspaper=Whistler Question|access-date=March 10, 2012|date=May 19, 2010}}</ref> Punk historian and author [[Chris Walter (author)|Chris Walter]] released an official biography of the band, ''What No One Else Wanted to Say'', via GFY Press.  Bassist Kerry Cyr (of SideSixtySeven) replaced Nowoselski in 2012.  The cover song "I Wanna Be an East Indian" appeared under the SNFU moniker on Cruzar Media's [[Dayglo Abortions]] tribute album, but the track featured only Chinn and unrelated backing musicians.<ref>Walter 2014: 256</ref>

Cruzar Media announced a September release for SNFU's eighth studio album, ''[[Never Trouble Trouble Until Trouble Troubles You]]'', but delays followed.  The band embarked upon its first tour of Japan and a subsequent Canadian tour, with guest drummer Junior Kittlitz replacing the ailing Card.<ref name=tokyo>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2013/09/snfu-at-club-quattro/|title=SNFU's comeback tour blows through Shibuya|magazine=Tokyo Weekender|date=September 30, 2013|access-date=October 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>Walter 2014: 265</ref>  Ultimately released in November, it was their first record in nine years and only without Marc Belke.  It received mixed reviews from critics, some of whom praised the new lineup's successful approximation of the group's previous work.<ref>Walter 2014: 266</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/review/13115/snfu-never-trouble-trouble-until-trouble-troubles-you|title=SNFU - ''Never Trouble Trouble Until Trouble Troubles You''|publisher=Punknews.org|date=January 8, 2015|access-date=January 13, 2016}}</ref>  Others were critical, questioning Chinn's ability to continue performing.<ref name=vw>{{cite news|url=http://www.vueweekly.com/album/never_trouble_trouble_until_trouble_troubles_you/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604104225/http://www.vueweekly.com/album/never_trouble_trouble_until_trouble_troubles_you/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 4, 2015|title=''Never Trouble Trouble Until Trouble Troubles You'' - ''Vue Weekly''|newspaper=Vue Weekly|date=October 10, 2013|access-date=December 30, 2015}}</ref>  SNFU splintered late in 2013, as all members other than Chinn departed after the supporting tours.

===Final lineups (2014–2018)===
Between lineups, Cruzar issued "I Wanna Be an East Indian" as a download single.  Chinn and returning bassist Bacon assembled a new incarnation in February with guitarists [[Kurt Robertson]] (of [[The Real McKenzies]]) and [[Randy Steffes]] (a former sound engineer and road manager for SNFU, The Real McKenzies, and Green Day), and drummer [[Adrian White (musician)|Adrian White]] (of [[Strapping Young Lad]] and [[Front Line Assembly]]).  Beginning in April, the band played in Europe, Canada, and made their first United States appearances since 2001.  They returned to Europe in July with British drummer Jamie Oliver (of the [[U.K. Subs]]).  Guest drummer Txutxo Krueger (of [[Total Chaos]]) also filled in for several dates.

They planned further Canadian touring for November, which would include returning Creager and Simm, but ultimately canceled the tour.<ref>Walter, Chris, ''Around the World with Mr. Chi Pig'', Vancouver: GFY Press, 2023, pg. 132</ref> With Bacon and Oliver, their 2015 Canadian performances included ''...And No One Else Wanted to Play'' in its entirety to commemorate its 30th anniversary.  They also performed in Australia and New Zealand for the first time since 1997.  Basque drummer Batikão Est (of Estricalla) began playing with the group in 2016, including Canadian and European touring.<ref>Walter 2023: 135</ref>

Marc Belke reworked two demo tracks from 2000 and released them as SNFU's "A Happy Number" single on Rake Records in November 2017.  The songs were far more experimental than anything else in the band's catalog and featured heavy use of electronic musical elements.  Writing for PunkNews.org, reviewer Jefftommy called the "odd duck of a record" a "pretty little song by a hardcore band of yore" and recommended the record for the band's fans;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/review/15482/snfu-a-happy-number-7-inch|title="SNFU: A Happy Number"|website=PunkNews.org|date=January 2, 2018|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> [[Razorcake]] critic Ty Stranglehold praised the "hauntingly strange little ditties with keyboards and a drum machine" and the band's experimentation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://razorcake.org/snfu-happy-number-7/|title="SNFU: A Happy Number"|website=[[Razorcake]]|first=Ty|last=Stranglehold|date=January 31, 2018|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref>  The group's final live appearances were in early 2018.

===Hiatus, Chinn's death, and aftermath===
The band planned further 2018 dates, but canceled these and announced a hiatus.<ref name=prb /><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2018 |title=A statement from SNFU regarding activity in the coming year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BfwXguQBVE0/?img_index=1 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>  Steffes and later Bacon joined the Real McKenzies.  In June 2019, Artoffact Records released ''...And Yet, Another Pair of Lost Suspenders'', a live album recorded during the 1992 reunion tour at [[Les Foufounes Électriques]] in [[Montreal]].

In November, Chinn revealed that he had a serious medical condition projected soon to become fatal.<ref name=beat>{{cite web|url=https://beatroute.ca/2019/11/11/snfu-mr-chi-pig-interview-2019/|title=SNFU Frontman Mr. Chi Pig On Life, Love And Drawing Himself To Death|author=Orr, Sean|publisher=[[BeatRoute]]|date=November 11, 2019|access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>  While ill, he recorded a solo 7-inch single with orchestral versions of "[[Hurt (Nine Inch Nails song)|Hurt]]" (written by [[Nine Inch Nails]] and later covered by [[Johnny Cash]]) and SNFU's "Painful Reminder."  Chinn died on July 16, 2020, at age 57.<ref name=eddeath /><ref name=ker>{{cite web|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/snfus-chi-pig-1962-2020/|title=SNFU's Chi Pig: 1962-2020|first=Phil|last=Alexander|magazine=[[Kerrang!]]|date=July 17, 2020|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>  SNFU released the acoustic track "Cement Mixer," Chinn's final recording, via [[YouTube]] shortly after his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/ken-chinn-snfu-frontman-known-as-mr-chi-pig-dead-at-57/|title=Ken Chinn, SNFU Frontman Known as Mr. Chi Pig, Dead at 57|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|first=Madison|last=Bloom|date=July 20, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/snfu-share-posthumous-final-song-by-late-frontman-chi-pig/|title=SNFU share posthumous final song by late frontman Chi-Pig/|website=[[BrooklynVegan]]|first=Andrew|last=Sacher|date=July 20, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref>

Marc Belke and Rake Records released the EP ''A Blessing but with It a Curse'' in March 2021.  The EP included outtakes from the ''In The Meantime and In Between Time'' sessions and guest appearances from members of [[Propagandhi]].<ref name=blessing>{{cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/snfu_tease_new_ep_a_blessing_but_with_it_a_curse|title=SNFU Tease New EP 'A Blessing but with It a Curse'|author=Slingerland, Calum|publisher=[[Exclaim!]]|date=February 25, 2021|accessdate=February 27, 2021}}</ref>  ''...And No One Else Wanted to Play'' was named the winner of the public vote for the [[2022 Polaris Music Prize]]'s Slaight Family Heritage Prize.<ref name=polaris />

Original drummer Jones died on April 17, 2021,<ref>Walter 2023: 117</ref> and Card died on April 8, 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Usinger |first1=Mike |title=Legendary punk drummer Jon Card has died, with those left behind praising his talent and humanity |url=https://www.straight.com/music/legendary-punk-drummer-jon-card-has-died-with-those-left-behind-praising-his-talent-and |access-date=9 April 2024 |publisher=The Georgia Straight |date=9 April 2024}}</ref>