Editing STMicroelectronics (section)

== History ==
ST was formed in 1987 by the merger of two government-owned semiconductor companies: Italian [[SGS Microelettronica]] (where SGS stands for ''Società Generale Semiconduttori'', "General Semiconductor Company"), and French ''Thomson Semiconducteurs'', the semiconductor arm of [[Thomson SA|Thomson]].

SGS Microelettronica originated in 1972 from a previous merger of two companies:
* ATES (Aquila Tubi e Semiconduttori), a vacuum tube and semiconductor maker headquartered in [[L'Aquila]], the regional capital of the region of [[Abruzzo]] in [[Southern Italy]], which in 1961 changed its name to Azienda Tecnica ed Elettronica del Sud and relocated its manufacturing plant in the Industrial Zone of [[Catania]], in [[Sicily]];
* [[Società Generale Semiconduttori]] (founded in 1957 by Italian engineer, politician, and [[industrialist]] [[Adriano Olivetti]]).

Thomson Semiconducteurs was created in 1982 by the French government's widespread nationalization of industries following the [[1981 French presidential election|election of François Mitterrand to the presidency]]. It included:
* the semiconductor activities of the French electronics company [[Thomson SA|Thomson]];
* in 1985 it bought [[Mostek]], a US company founded in 1969 as a spin-off of [[Texas Instruments]], from [[United Technologies]];
* Silec, founded in 1977;
* Eurotechnique, founded in 1979 in [[Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône]] as a [[joint-venture]] between [[Saint-Gobain]] of France and US-based [[National Semiconductor]];
* EFCIS (Étude et la Fabrication de Circuits Intégrés Spéciaux), founded in 1972 at [[CEA-Leti: Laboratoire d'électronique des technologies de l'information|CEA-Leti]];
* SESCOSEM, founded in 1969.

At the time of the merger of these two companies in 1987, the new corporation was named SGS-THOMSON and was led by chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news |title=STMicro Names CEO to Succeed Retiring Pistorio |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107934421459755360 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=16 March 2004 |access-date=7 December 2023 |last1=Faucon |first1=Benoit |last2=Newswires |first2=Gren Manueldow Jones }}</ref> The company took its current name of STMicroelectronics in May 1998 following Thomson's sale of its shares. After its creation ST was ranked 14th among the top 20 semiconductor suppliers with sales of around US$850 million.

STMicroelectronics participated in the consolidation of the semiconductor industry from the start; it bought the following companies between 1989 and 2007, for instance:
 
* in 1989: British company [[Inmos]], known for its [[transputer]] [[microprocessor]]s, from parent [[Thorn EMI]];
* in 1994: Canada-based [[Nortel]]'s semiconductor activities;
* in 1999: UK-based VLSI-Vision CMOS Image Sensor research & development company, a spin-out of Edinburgh University.  Incorporated on 1 January 2000, the company became STMicroelectronics' Imaging Division, currently part of the Analog MEMS and Sensors business group;
* in 2000: WaferScale Integration Inc. (WSI, [[Fremont, California]]), a vendor of EPROM and flash-memory-based programmable system chips;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/stmicroelectronics-buys-waferscale-integration//|title=STMicroelectronics buys WaferScale Integration|first=Peter|last=Clarke|date=2000-07-28|website=[[EE Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-12-09}}</ref>
* in 2002: Alcatel's Microelectronics division, which along with the incorporation of smaller ventures such as UK company Synad Ltd helped the company expand into the Wireless-LAN market;
* in 2007: US company [[Genesis Microchip]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investors.st.com/news-releases/news-release-details/stmicroelectronics-acquire-genesis-microchip |title=STMicroelectronics To Acquire Genesis Microchip |access-date=2018-06-27 |archive-date=2018-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144523/http://investors.st.com/news-releases/news-release-details/stmicroelectronics-acquire-genesis-microchip |url-status=live }}</ref> Genesis Microchip is known for their strength in video processing technology ([[Faroudja]]) and has design centres located in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[Toronto]], [[Taipei|Taipei City]] and [[Bangalore]].

[[File:256kbit 16kbit EPROM SRAM Wafer Scale Integration PSD311 (3).jpg|thumb|4 Field-Programmable Microcontroller Peripheral from Wafer Scale Integration ''PSD311'']] 
On 8 December 1994, the company completed its initial public offering on the [[Paris Stock Exchange|Paris]] and [[New York Stock Exchange|New York]] stock exchanges. Owner [[Thomson SA]] sold its stake in the company in 1998 when the company also listed on the [[Italian Bourse]] in [[Milan]]. In 2002, [[Motorola]] and [[TSMC]] joined ST and [[Philips]] in a new technology partnership. The Crolles 2 Alliance was created with a new 12" [[Wafer (electronics)|wafer]] manufacturing facility located in [[Crolles]], France.

In 2005, chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio was succeeded by Carlo Bozotti, who then headed the memory products division and had been with the company’s predecessor since 1977.<ref name="WSJ" /> By 2005, ST was ranked fifth, behind [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], Texas Instruments and [[Toshiba]], but ahead of [[Infineon]], [[Renesas]], [[NEC]], [[NXP Semiconductors]] and [[Freescale]]. The company was the largest European semiconductors supplier, ahead of Infineon and NXP.

Early in 2007, [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly Philips Semiconductors) and [[Freescale]] (formerly Motorola Semiconductors) decided to stop their participation in Crolles 2 Alliance. Under the terms of the agreement the Alliance came to an end on December 31, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800469769_480200_NT_19a4c517.HTM/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=July 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101095429/http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800469769_480200_NT_19a4c517.HTM/ |archive-date=January 1, 2014 }}</ref> On May 22, 2007, ST and Intel created a joint venture in the memory application called [[Numonyx]]: this new company merged ST and Intel Flash Memory activities. Semiconductor market consolidation continued with ST and NXP announcing on April 10, 2008, the creation of a new joint venture of their mobile activities, with ST owning 80% of the new company and NXP 20%. This joint venture began on August 20, 2008. On February 10, 2009, [[ST Ericsson]], a joint venture bringing together ST-NXP Wireless and Ericsson Mobile Platforms, was established.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insidegnss.com/csr-sirf-merger-pairs-struggling-bluetooth-and-gps-powerhouses-and-shows-handset-platform-dominance/|title=CSR-SiRF Merger Pairs Struggling Bluetooth and GPS Powerhouses - and Shows Handset Platform Dominance|last=glen|date=2009-02-17|website=Inside GNSS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-27|archive-date=2019-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527095510/https://insidegnss.com/csr-sirf-merger-pairs-struggling-bluetooth-and-gps-powerhouses-and-shows-handset-platform-dominance/|url-status=live}}</ref>

ST Ericsson was a multinational manufacturer of [[wireless]] products and [[semiconductor]]s, supplying to mobile device manufacturers.<ref name="about-us">{{cite web |url = http://www.stericsson.com/about/General_Information.jsp |title = About us – General Information – ST-Ericsson |work = stericsson.com |access-date = 24 February 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223123424/http://stericsson.com/about/General_Information.jsp |archive-date = 23 December 2010 }}</ref> ST-Ericsson was a 50/50 joint venture of STMicroelectronics and [[Ericsson]] established on February 3, 2009, and dissolved on August 2, 2013. Headquartered in [[Geneva]], Switzerland, it was a [[fabless semiconductor company|fabless company]], outsourcing [[semiconductor manufacturing]] to foundry companies.
[[File:ST90E40ZL1 (2).png|thumb|ST90E40ZL1 - HCMOS MCU with 16Kbytes EPROM, 512 bytes EEPROM, 256 bytes RAM and A/D Converter in a 68-leaded windowed ceramic quad flat pack package]]

In 2011, ST announced the creation of a joint lab with [[Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies]]. The lab focuses on research and innovation in [[biorobotics]], smart systems and microelectronics.<ref name="potato">{{cite web |url=http://www.edn.com/article/518924-ST_Micro_opens_lab_for_humanoid_robot_research.php |title=ST Micro opens lab for humanoid robot research &#124; EDN |access-date=2011-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121225526/http://www.edn.com/article/518924-ST_Micro_opens_lab_for_humanoid_robot_research.php |archive-date=2013-01-21 }}</ref> Past collaborations with Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies included DustBot, a platform that integrated self-navigating "service robots" for waste collection.<ref name="potato" />

In 2015, the [[MEMS]] division of ST was ranked as the biggest European competitor of Silex Microsystems.<ref name="ft1">{{cite news |last1=Feng |first1=Emily |title=How China acquired mastery of vital microchip technology |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7cfb2f82-1ecc-11e9-b126-46fc3ad87c65 |publisher=Financial Times |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, chief executive Carlo Bozotti was succeeded by Jean-Marc Chery.<ref>{{cite web |title=ST Micro: CEO Bozotti Passes the Keys to the Ferrari |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/st-micro-ceo-bozotti-passes-the-keys-to-the-ferrari-1520354388 |publisher=Barron's |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> In 2023, STMicroelectronics partnered with [[Synopsys]] to design a working chip on Microsoft Corp’s cloud, marking the first time AI software had been utilized for chip design.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Stephen Nellis |title=STMicro leans on AI, cloud as chip designs become more complex |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/stmicro-leans-ai-cloud-chip-designs-become-more-complex-2023-02-07/ |publisher=reuters |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, ST became the sixth [[shareholder]] of [[Quintauris]], a [[joint venture|joint company]] with the goal of standardizing [[RISC-V]] ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mancini |first=Giovanna |date=2024-11-08 |title=Quintauris, la start up europea che abbatte i costi dei microchip |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/quintauris-start-up-europea-che-abbatte-costi-microchip-AGdTgex?refresh_ce=1 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Il Sole 24 ORE |language=it}}</ref>

In 2025, Italy is set to appoint Marcello Sala, head of the economy ministry's department overseeing state-run firms and asset disposals, to the supervisory board of chipmaker STMicroelectronics. The proposed nomination will be approved by STMicroelectronics' supervisory board and shareholders at a general meeting in May. The Italian government seeks more oversight over STMicroelectronics, particularly as the company plans a $300 million cost-cutting program that could lead to more than 2,000 job cuts in Italy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 28, 2025 |title=Italian top government official seen joining STMicroelectronics supervisory board |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/italian-top-government-official-seen-joining-stmicroelectronics-supervisory-2025-03-27/}}</ref> According to the company, 1,000 of the 2,800 positions to be eliminated around the world will be in France.<ref>{{cite news |work=Ici Touraine |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/economie-social/le-fabricant-de-semi-conducteurs-st-microelectronics-va-supprimer-environ-1-000-postes-en-france-7410268 |title=Info "ici Touraine" - Le fabricant de semi-conducteurs ST Microelectronics va supprimer environ 1.000 postes en France |publisher=France Bleu |lang=fr |date=30 April 2025}}</ref>