Editing Sadomasochism (section)

== Etymology and definition ==
[[File:Sade (van Loo).png|thumb|upright|left|''Portrait of [[Marquis de Sade]]'' by Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo (1761)]]
The word ''sadomasochism'' is a [[portmanteau]] of the words [[wikt:sadism|sadism]] and [[wikt:masochism|masochism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Neuwirth|first=Rostam J.|title=Law in the Time of Oxymora: A Synaesthesia of Language, Logic and Law|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=978-1-351-17018-5|location=Oxon}}</ref> These terms originate from the names of two authors whose works explored situations in which individuals experienced or inflicted pain or humiliation. ''Sadism'' is named after [[Marquis de Sade]] (1740–1814), whose major works include graphic descriptions of violent sex acts, rape, torture, and murder, and whose characters often derive pleasure from inflicting pain on others.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=John |title=How to Read Sade |publisher=W. W. Norton and Company |year=2005 |isbn=0-393-32822-8 |location=New York |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Peter |title=Demanding the impossible: a history of Anarchism |publisher=PM Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-60486-064-1 |location=Oakland |pages=145}}</ref> Sade was imprisoned multiple times for sexual crimes following affairs in which he inflicted and/or received pain during sex, hence engaging in sadomasochism himself.<!-- The previous sentence was written based off information from Sade's biographical Wikipedia article- I don't know how to reference/cite that as there's not one specific spot I summarised this from. --> ''Masochism'' is named after [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]] (1836–1895), whose novels explored his masochistic fantasies of receiving pain and degradation,<ref>Hyde, J. S., & DeLamater, J. D. (1999). Understanding human sexuality. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 432–435</ref> particularly his novel ''Venus im Pelz'' ("[[Venus in Furs]]").[[File:Von_Sacher-Masoch,_writer.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Portrait of [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch|Sacher-Masoch]]'', 19th century]]German [[psychiatrist]] [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]] (1840-1902) introduced the terms ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' into clinical use in his work ''Neue Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Psychopathia sexualis'' ("New research in the area of Psychopathology of Sex") in 1890.<ref>Details describing the development of the theoretical construct "Perversion" by Krafft-Ebing and his relation of these terms. (See Andrea Beckmann, ''Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture'', 8(2) (2001) 66–95 online under [http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol8is2/beckmann.html Deconstructing Myths] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219173258/http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol8is2/beckmann.html |date=19 December 2015 }}</ref> The terms were first selected for identifying human behavioral phenomena and for the classification of psychological illnesses or deviant behavior. 
In 1905, [[Sigmund Freud]] described sadism and masochism in his ''Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie'' ("Three Papers on Sexual Theory") as stemming from aberrant psychological development from early childhood. He also laid the groundwork for the widely accepted medical perspective{{What|reason=what is the groundwork? childhood dev is mentioned but needs more context. names mentioned after arent elaborated on at all either|date=November 2024}} in the following decades. This led to the first compound usage of the terminology in ''Sado-Masochism'' (Loureiroian "Sado-Masochismus") by the Viennese psychoanalyst [[Isidor Isaak Sadger]] in his work ''Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex'' ("Regarding the sadomasochistic complex") in 1913.<ref>Isidor Isaak Sadger: ''Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex.'' in: Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen, Bd. 5, 1913, S. 157–232 (German)</ref>

In the later 20th century, [[BDSM]] activists protested against these ideas{{Which|date=November 2024}}, because, they argued, they were based on the philosophies of the two psychiatrists, Freud and Krafft-Ebing, whose theories were built on the assumption of [[psychopathology]] and their observations of psychiatric patients{{Clarify|reason=rather than what? the scientific method? a different, more popular psychologist's ideas?|date=November 2024}}. 

Nomenclature in previous editions of the DSM referring to sexual [[psychopathology]] have been criticized as lacking scientific veracity.<ref>Krueger & Kaplan 2001, p. 393</ref> The [[DSM-5|DSM-V]], however, has depathologized the language around [[paraphilia]]s in a way that signifies "the APA's intent to not demand treatment for healthy consenting adult sexual expression".{{Explain|reason=how was the language changed?|date=November 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncsfreedom.org/press/blog/item/the-dsm-5-says-kink-is-ok.html|title=NCSF Blog|last=Admin|first=Blog|website=ncsfreedom.org|access-date=5 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422123917/https://ncsfreedom.org/press/blog/item/the-dsm-5-says-kink-is-ok.html|archive-date=22 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 

[[File:Felicia Fox 6 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Autosadism]] is inflicting pain or humiliation on oneself. The photo shows pornographic actress Felicia Fox pouring hot wax over herself in front of an audience (U.S. 2005). Her nipples and genitals are also clamped.]]