Editing Sandvik (section)

==History==

=== 1800s ===
The company was founded by [[Göran Fredrik Göransson]], who was an early user of the [[Bessemer process]]. In 1857, he acquired rights to use the [[patent]]ed process and initially applied it in a [[blast furnace]] at Edsken, [[Hofors Municipality]]. There, he became the first user of the process to achieve technically and commercially acceptable results. However, production at sufficient scale was not possible in the initial location. This prompted the foundation, in 1862, of a new company, ''Högbo Stål & Jernverks AB'', in a place that developed into the town of [[Sandviken]].<ref name="nf1916sandviken">{{Runeberg
|filename=nfcd
|htmlno=0362
|chapter=Sandviken
|year=1916
|name=Nordisk Familjebok
|language = sv
}}</ref><ref name="NE_bessemerprocessen">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/bessemerprocessen
 | title = Bessemerprocessen
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | website = Nationalencyklopedin
 | first = John-Olof
 | last = Edström
 | language = sv
}}</ref><ref name="SandvikJourney2012">{{cite book
 | url = https://www.home.sandvik/490096/contentassets/1967747fe4434c14b7e8186707d2d39f/the_sandvik_journey-_-eng.pdf
 | title = The Sandvik journey : The first 150 years
 | isbn = 978-91-7126-247-9
 | year = 2012
 | first = Ronald
 | last = Fagerfjäll
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | location = Stockholm
 | publisher = Bokförlaget Max Ström
}}</ref>

Already in the 1860s, the company was exporting its products. The [[United Kingdom]], [[Germany]], [[France]] and [[Russia]] were important markets. In 1868, the company was reorganized as ''Sandvikens Jernverks AB'' (the Sandviken Ironworks). The ''Sandvik'' brand name was first used by the company at the [[Centennial International Exhibition]] of 1876 in [[Philadelphia]]. The following year, sales to the [[United States]] began.<ref name="nf1916sandviken" /><ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="Jernverk1937">{{Runeberg
|filename=sandviken
|year=1937
|name=Ett svenskt jernverk : Sandviken och dess utveckling 1862-1937
|first=Göran
|last=Hedin
|location=Uppsala
|publisher=[[Almqvist & Wiksell]]
|language=sv
}}</ref>

In 1889, the company became the first Swedish manufacturer of seamless rolled [[tube drawing|tubes]], and over the following decade, it made substantial investments in methodology development and production facilities for seamless tubes.<ref name="Jernverk1937" />

=== 1900–1980 ===
Sandvikens Jernverk was listed on the [[Nasdaq Stockholm|Stockholm Stock Exchange]] in 1901.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1907, production of hollow rock drill steels began, and by the 1920s, the company was considered internationally leading in that product area.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="NE_Sandvik">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/sandvik-ab
 | title = Sandvik AB
 | first1 = Carl
 | last1 = Lindberg
 | first2 = Sten
 | last2 = Persson
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | website = Nationalencyklopedin
 | language = sv
}}</ref>

In 1914, the company established its first sales subsidiary outside of Sweden, in [[Birmingham]], UK. Further foreign subsidiaries were opened 1919 in the United States, 1923 in France, and 1926 in [[Canada]].<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In the 1920s, the company began melting [[stainless steel]], and in 1924, it started producing its first stainless seamless tubes. In 1932, it acquired a license to use a new method for cold-rolling tubes, called [[wiktionary:pilgering|pilgering]], and in 1934, it became the first European company to use the method at industrial scale.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="Jernverk1937" />

In 1937, there were subsidiaries in 37 countries.<ref name="NE_Sandvik" />

[[World War II]] forced the company to reorganize production. Exports were halved, but demand from the Swedish military for grenades prevented a corporate crisis.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

Already before the war, the company had wanted to enter the [[cemented carbide]] tool market, but the patent situation was complicated, and it was unable to find a suitable business partner. However, in 1942, it entered into an agreement with the ''Lumalampan'' subsidiary of [[Kooperativa Förbundet]]. Lumalampan mainly produced [[tungsten light bulb]]s but also made [[tungsten carbide]] tips for grenades, as well as its own carbide tools for filament [[wire drawing]], and thus possessed the required technology. In the same year, the ''Sandvik Coromant'' brand was registered for cemented carbide products, and the company started working on tools for metal cutting and rock drilling. Metal cutting tools were successfully produced beginning in 1943, but it took several more years to develop sufficiently durable rock drilling tools.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

[[Bessemer process|Bessemer]] steel production was discontinued in [[Sandviken]] in 1947. In the same year, the company became the exclusive supplier of cemented carbide rock drill steels to ''Atlas Diesel'' (later known as [[Atlas Copco]]).<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In the 1950s, the company expanded its cemented carbide production capacity by building factories in new locations. A workshop that was opened in the small town of [[Gimo, Sweden|Gimo]] in 1951 gradually expanded into a major production facility, and in 1953, a factory was opened in the Västberga district of [[Stockholm]]. By then, rock drills had emerged as the most important cemented carbide product area for the company.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" /><ref name="nf1957sandviken">{{Runeberg
|filename=nffr
|htmlno=0442
|chapter=Sandvikens jernverks ab.
|year=1957
|name=Nordisk Familjebok
|language = sv
}}</ref>

In 1967, Sandvikens Jernverk had 40 subsidiaries and sales in 100 countries. The company changed its name to ''Sandvik AB'' in 1972.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1979, Sandvik acquired the British company ''Osprey''.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

Steel [[conveyor belt]]s of various types had been part of the product range since 1902, and in 1980, a conveyor-belt-based system called ''Rotoform'' for [[granulation]] of liquid chemicals was developed.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

=== 1980–2000 ===
In 1980, profits began to fall, and over the following years, there were personnel reductions, restructuring efforts and divestments. Still, in 1983, the company recorded its first loss in 62 years. In 1984, the organization was made more decentralized.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1989, Sandvik began investing in [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1994, production at industrial scale of diamond-coated carbide cutting inserts began. In 1996, a new stainless steel called ''Safurex'' was developed.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1997, Sandvik acquired a majority of the Swedish company ''Kanthal AB'', which specialized in metallic electrical resistance products and high-temperature ceramic materials. Also, in the same year, Sandvik bought all remaining shares in the Finnish company ''Tamrock'', a manufacturer of mining equipment in which it previously had a minority holding.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 1999, Sandvik divested its production of saws and other craft tools.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

=== 2000 to present ===
In 2001, Sandvik started testing a new system named ''Automine'' for automation and remote control of mining equipment in mines in Canada and Sweden.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 2002, Sandvik acquired a majority position in the German cutting tool manufacturer ''Walter AG''.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 2004, the Kanthal division developed new [[alloy]] production methods with high-temperature [[powder metallurgy]].<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 2009, Sandvik bought the Austrian company ''Wolfram Bergbau'', which was focused on [[tungsten]] production, from mining to cemented-carbide powder.<ref name="SandvikJourney2012" />

In 2017, Sandvik divested its ''Process Systems'' and ''Mining Systems'' operations, both of which were related to conveyor technology.<ref name="SandvikProcessSystems">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.home.sandvik/en/sandvik-process-systems/
 | title = Sandvik Process Systems
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | publisher = Sandvik
}}</ref><ref name="Sandvik2017MiningSystems">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.home.sandvik/en/news-and-media/news/2017/11/sandvik-completes-the-mining-systems-divestment/
 | title = Sandvik completes the Mining Systems divestment
 | date = 2 November 2017
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | publisher = Sandvik
}}</ref>

In 2022, Sandvik bought the Australian mine planning software provider ''Deswik''.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Sandvik completes Deswik acquisition
|url=https://www.itpro.co.uk/business-strategy/acquisition/367299/sandvik-completes-deswik-acquisition
|first=Praharsha
|last=Anand
|date=4 April 2022
|access-date=22 February 2023
|website=IT Pro
}}</ref>

In August 2022, the business area ''Sandvik materials technology'', which included tubes, [[strip steel]], medical wires and Kanthal-brand heating technology products, was spun off as a separate company, publicly listed at Nasdaq Stockholm. The new company was named ''Alleima'', and its shares were distributed to the shareholders of Sandvik.<ref name="AR2021">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.annualreport.sandvik/en/2021/servicepages/downloads/files/entire-en-svk-ar21.pdf
 | title = Annual report 2021
 | year = 2022
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | publisher = Sandvik
}}</ref><ref name="IR2022Q4">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.home.sandvik/48f028/siteassets/3.-investors/reports-presentations/interim-reports/2022/interim-report-2022-q4.pdf
 | title = Interim report fourth quarter and full year 2022
 | date = 20 January 2023
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | publisher = Sandvik
}}</ref><ref name="DN2022Alleima">{{cite news
 | url = https://www.dn.se/ekonomi/stockholmsborsen-oppnar-uppat-14/
 | title = Stockholmsbörsen öppnar uppåt
 | date = 31 August 2022
 | access-date = 22 February 2023
 | newspaper = [[Dagens Nyheter]]
 | language = sv
}}</ref>

In August 2023, Sandvik announced it had acquired the [[Cambridge, Ontario]]-headquartered software development company, Postability.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-03 |title=Sandvik acquires CAM post processing software developer - PES Media |url=https://pesmedia.com/sandvik-acquires-cam-post-processing-software-developer |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=pesmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2023, Sandvik adopted a revised visual identity, with a new logotype that contains different graphical elements than the previous one.<ref>{{Cite news
|title=Sandvik adopts new logo and visual identity
|url=https://www.miningmagazine.com/environment/news/1459743/sandvik-unveils-brand-identity
|first=Craig
|last=Guthrie
|date=22 September 2023
|access-date=28 April 2024
|newspaper=Mining Magazine
}}</ref>